Calcium-binding capacity of peptides obtained from sheep bone and structural characterization and stability of the peptide-calcium chelate

A physicochemical evaluation of ossein–hydroxyapatite within the bovine bone matrix revealed demineralization and making type I collagen available as a result of processing and solubilization by acids

“…The bone matrix solubilized by acetic and lactic acid distribution demonstrated less variation, showing its uniform peak dispersed between 100 and 1000 µm, and this distribution indicates possibly increased aggregation of the protein by the molecular interactions because the collagen fibers show autoarranged organic structures (Ferraro et al., 2016). Thus, it can be observed that the particle size distribution in the bone matrix solubilized by acetic and lactic acid (Figure 2) affected the ossein–hydroxyapatite physicochemical properties with effect on the particle aggregation (Hu et al., 2022; Song et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2021)…”

“…The bone matrix solubilized by acetic and lactic acid distribution demonstrated less variation, showing its uniform peak dispersed between 100 and 1000 µm, and this distribution indicates possibly increased aggregation of the protein by the molecular interactions because the collagen fibers show autoarranged organic structures (Ferraro et al, 2016). Thus, it can be observed that the particle size distribution in the bone matrix solubilized by acetic and lactic acid (Figure 2) affected the ossein-hydroxyapatite physicochemical properties with effect on the particle aggregation (Hu et al, 2022;Song et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2021) TA B L E 2 Major mineral content (Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, K, and P) in the bone matrix and the dissolution in the obtained extract as a result of bone matrix processing and solubilization by acids. The contents were shown in % of the mineral per bone matrix kilogram or liter of extract, and distilled water was used as a control.…”

Investigation of the peptides with calcium chelating capacity in hydrolysate derived from spent hen meat

“…Three different ways were used for enzymatic hydrolysis of the SHM suspensions with a natural pH of ∼6.4 (Damodaran & Parkin, 2017;Hu et al, 2022;Merz et al, 2015):…”

“…CaCl 2 (2.0 M) was added to 5.0 mL of diluted EH suspension until a final mass ratio of 1:1 between calcium and protein. Afterward, the mixed suspension was cooled naturally to room temperature (25 ± 2 • C) after reaction for 1.0 h at 50 • C (Hu et al, 2022). A total of 45 mL ethanol was added to the suspension, and then the system was kept for 3 h to form precipitates identified as calcium peptide chelates.…”

“…Papain is an endoprotease, and flavourzyme contains exoprotease; the use of these two enzymes will release various peptides from proteins (Lan et al, 2019;Sheng et al, 2023;Zheng et al, 2023). Hu et al (2022) prepared calcium peptide chelates from sheep bone with proteolysis using single enzymes, such as papain, flavourzyme, and neutrase. Liu et al (2020) chose single enzyme like papain, flavourzyme, and bromelain to produce calcium peptide chelates from tilapia.…”