Calcium-based multi-element chemistry for grid-scale electrochemical energy storage

Ouchi, Takanari; Kim, Hojung; Spatocco, Brian L.; Sadoway, Donald R.

doi:10.1038/ncomms10999

Cited by 124 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Moreover, the Ca-Mg alloy of low Ca concentration decreased the solubility of Ca in the molten salt by almost two orders of magnitude (see Figure 16d). More recently, Ouchi et al [80] reported a Ca-Mg | LiCl-CaCl 2 | Bi cell, operating at 550 °C, achieving 99% of Coulombic efficiency and excellent cycling performance, which further confirmed the above results.…”

Section: Calcium-based Systemssupporting

confidence: 82%

Liquid Metal Electrodes for Energy Storage Batteries

Yin

Wang

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

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162

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The increasing demands for integration of renewable energy into the grid and urgently needed devices for peak shaving and power rating of the grid both call for low‐cost and large‐scale energy storage technologies. The use of secondary batteries is considered one of the most effective approaches to solving the intermittency of renewables and smoothing the power fluctuations of the grid. In these batteries, the states of the electrode highly affect the performance and manufacturing process of the battery, and therefore leverage the price of the battery. A battery with liquid metal electrodes is easy to scale up and has a low cost and long cycle life. In this progress report, the state‐of‐the‐art overview of liquid metal electrodes (LMEs) in batteries is reviewed, including the LMEs in liquid metal batteries (LMBs) and the liquid sodium electrode in sodium‐sulfur (Na–S) and ZEBRA (Na–NiCl2) batteries. Besides the LMEs, the development of electrolytes for LMEs and the challenge of using LMEs in the batteries, and the future prospects of using LMEs are also discussed.

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Section: Calcium-based Systemssupporting

confidence: 82%

Liquid Metal Electrodes for Energy Storage Batteries

Yin

Wang

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

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162

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“…Temperatures much higher than 450 °C are required for liquid‐metal batteries, which comprise a liquid‐metal anode, a liquid‐metal cathode, and a molten salt electrolyte of mixed‐metal halides . For example, a Ca‐Mg (90–10 mol %)∥Bi electrochemical couple was operated in an electrolyte of molten LiCl‐CaCl 2 at 550 °C and showed a high capacity‐retention rate and Coulombic efficiency over 1400 cycles . The electrodes and electrolyte self‐segregated by density into three distinct layers because of the immiscibility of the electrolyte salt and metal phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halide‐Based Materials and Chemistry for Rechargeable Batteries

et al. 2020

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Rechargeable batteries are considered one of the most effective energy storage technologies to bridge the production and consumption of renewable energy. The further development of rechargeable batteries with characteristics such as high energy density, low cost, safety, and a long cycle life is required to meet the ever‐increasing energy‐storage demands. This Review highlights the progress achieved with halide‐based materials in rechargeable batteries, including the use of halide electrodes, bulk and/or surface halogen‐doping of electrodes, electrolyte design, and additives that enable fast ion shuttling and stable electrode/electrolyte interfaces, as well as realization of new battery chemistry. Battery chemistry based on monovalent cation, multivalent cation, anion, and dual‐ion transfer is covered. This Review aims to promote the understanding of halide‐based materials to stimulate further research and development in the area of high‐performance rechargeable batteries. It also offers a perspective on the exploration of new materials and systems for electrochemical energy storage.

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“…The specific energy of the MIB is comparable to that of the LIB and whilst the specific power of the MIB matches that of electrochemical capacitors. [33][34][35] When inexpensive carbonates,s uch as Na 2 CO 3 ,K 2 CO 3 ,a nd KCl were substituted for Li 2 CO 3 ,t he cost of molten salt would be significantly decreased. [10,32] Undoubtedly, the superior performance of the MIB derives from the ultrafast redox reactions at high temperatures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rechargeable High‐Temperature Molten Salt Iron–Oxygen Battery

et al. 2018

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The energy and power density of conventional batteries are far lower than their theoretical expectations, primarily because of slow reaction kinetics that are often observed under ambient conditions. Here we describe a low-cost and high-temperature rechargeable iron-oxygen battery containing a bi-phase electrolyte of molten carbonate and solid oxide. This new design merges the merits of a solid-oxide fuel cell and molten metal-air battery, offering significantly improved battery reaction kinetics and power capability without compromising the energy capacity. The as-fabricated battery prototype can be charged at high current density, and exhibits excellent stability and security in the highly charged state. It typically exhibits specific energy, specific power, energy density, and power density of 129.1 Wh kg , 2.8 kW kg , 388.1 Wh L , and 21.0 kW L , respectively, based on the mass and volume of the molten salt.

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Calcium-based multi-element chemistry for grid-scale electrochemical energy storage

Cited by 124 publications

References 16 publications

Liquid Metal Electrodes for Energy Storage Batteries

Liquid Metal Electrodes for Energy Storage Batteries

Halide‐Based Materials and Chemistry for Rechargeable Batteries

A Rechargeable High‐Temperature Molten Salt Iron–Oxygen Battery

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