Calcium and Phosphorus Requirements of Growing Turkeys and Chickens

Formica, S. D.; Smidt, M. J.; Bacharach, M. M.; Davin, W. F.; Fritz, J. C.

doi:10.3382/ps.0410771

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A minimum calcium requirement of between 0.7 and 0.8% for optimum growth and maximum bone ash is higher than the requirement of 0.5% recently reported by Simco and Stephenson (1961) for broilers to 8 weeks of age, and the minimum requirement of 0.6% calcium for normal growth and bone calcification from 0 to 4 weeks as reported by Formica et al (1962). Pensack et al (1959) reported a calcium requirement of 0.6% for optimum growth and 0.8% for optimum percent bone ash.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…A review of the more pertinent literature by Lillie et al (1964) indicates that the range of discordant values is being narrowed to some extent and that the calcium level recommended by the National Research Council is higher than that which many investigators found to be adequate for optimum growth. The majority of the recent investigations (Formica et al, 1961(Formica et al, , 1962Vanderpopuliere, 1961;Waldroup et al 1962a, b;Simco and Stephenson, 1961;Lillie et al, 1964) have been aimed at refinement of the requirement of the growing chick in the light of current nutritional knowledge. Such was the motive for the experiment reported herein.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calcium and Phosphorus Requirements of Broiler Chickens

Twining¹,

Lillie²,

Robel³

et al. 1965

Poultry Science

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A FTER more than 35 years of investi->• gation, there is considerable disagreement in the literature as to the levels of calcium and phosphorus required for optimum performance of growing chickens. A review of the more pertinent literature by Lillie et al. (1964) indicates that the range of discordant values is being narrowed to some extent and that the calcium level recommended by the National Research Council is higher than that which many investigators found to be adequate for optimum growth. The majority of the recent investigations (Formica et al., 1961(Formica et al., , 1962Vanderpopuliere, 1961; Waldroup et al. 1962a, b;Simco and Stephenson, 1961;Lillie et al., 1964) have been aimed at refinement of the requirement of the growing chick in the light of current nutritional knowledge. Such was the motive for the experiment reported herein. EXPERIMENTAL A 5X4X2 factorial arrangement was employed in the design of the experiment. The three-factor design included five levels of total phosphorus (0.50, 0.55,0.60, 0.65, 0.70%), four levels of calcium (0,50, 0.60, 0.70, 0.80%) and two sexes (males and females reared separately). Sixty-four hundred sexed day-old VantressX Arbor Acres chicks were randomly distributed within sex into 20 groups of males and 20 groups of females. The 40 groups of 160 birds each were placed in individual floor

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 55%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium and Phosphorus Requirements of Broiler Chickens

Twining¹,

Lillie²,

Robel³

et al. 1965

Poultry Science

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“…Catalá -Gregori et al (2006) reported that in the finisher period a very low Ca and available P levels (6.0 and 1.6 g kg À 1 , respectively) plus exogenous phytase were sufficient to fulfill tibia ash. Evidence has also been presented that a higher level of Ca is required to obtain maximum bone ash than obtain maximum rate of growth (Formica et al, 1962). Edwards et al (1963) concluded that the Ca requirement was 14.0 g kg À 1 for maximum bone ash.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Several workers have reported on the effect of varying Ca levels on P utilisation (Formica et al, 1962;Manangi and Coon, 2008;Liem et al, 2009). These workers all agree that the dietary level of either of these elements may affect the required level of the other and the adverse effect of widening the dietary Ca : P ratio is increased at low dietary P levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of Dietary Phosphorus and Calcium on Performance of Broilers from 3 to 7 Weeks of Age

Abudabos

2012

Avian Biology Research

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In this experiment the effects of total dietary phosphorus (TP) and calcium (Ca) on growth, feed conversion ratio, breast muscle yield, serum phosphorus (P), and bone measurements were examined. From 3 to 6 weeks, four levels of TP (4.5, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0 g kg À 1 ) and two levels of Ca (7.0 and 9.0 g kg À 1 ) provided eight treatments. From 6 to 7 weeks, diets with two levels of TP (4.5 and 5.5 g kg À 1 ) and three levels of Ca (6.0, 7.0, and 8.0 g kg À 1 ) were used. Diets with 4.5 g kg À 1 TP did not contain a source of inorganic P. Interactions were detected for feed intake, weight gain, and serum P at 6 weeks. Birds fed 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0 g kg À 1 TP with 9.0 g kg À 1 Ca consumed more feed and gained more weight as compared to the other groups. Feed conversion of birds fed the 9.0 g kg À 1 Ca diet was lower than those fed diets with 7.0 g kg À 1 Ca. Serum P was increased (P50:05) at the lowest level of TP when dietary Ca was lowered. Lowering the Ca level, in general, raised (P50:05) serum P. Ash was a function of the amounts of TP and Ca in the diets; Ca and P contents of the bones were not affected by the dietary treatments (P40:05). Interactions or main effects for TP and Ca were not detected for body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, breast muscle yield, serum P and bone measurements at 7 weeks of age. Our findings demonstrate that from 3 to 6 weeks of age, dietary total P can be lowered to 5.0 -5.5 g kg À 1 while the inorganic P source can be removed in the finisher diets without loss in performance or bone integrity.

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“…Os primeiros trabalhos indicam que os requerimentos de cálcio propostos para uma taxa normal de crescimento para frangos de corte são de 0,5% (Simco & Stephson, 1961); 0,6% (White-Stevens et al, 1960;Formica et al, 1962); 0,6 a 0,72% (Waldroup et al, 1962); e 0,99 e 1,07% (Edwards et al, 1963).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Exigência nutricional de cálcio para frangos de corte, nas fases de crescimento e terminação

et al. 2004

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RESUMO -Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com o objetivo de determinar a exigência nutricional de cálcio para frangos de corte de 22 a 42 e 43 a 53 dias de idade. Em cada experimento foram utilizados 360 frangos de corte da linhagem Avian Farm, sendo 180 machos e 180 fêmeas. O primeiro ensaio teve duração de 21 dias e o segundo, de 10 dias, sendo que em ambos o delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e seis repetições, sendo a unidade experimental representada pelo box, contendo cinco machos e cinco fêmeas. Foram formuladas duas dietas basais constituídas de milho e farelo de soja, suplementadas com vitaminas e minerais, atendendo as exigências nutricionais das aves, com exceção do cálcio, que permaneceu deficiente no nível de 0,16%. Os tratamentos, em cada experimento, foram constituídos da suplementação das dietas basais com 0,0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75; 1,00; e 1,25% de cálcio provenientes do carbonato de cálcio, resultando nos níveis de 0,16; 0,41; 0,66; 0,91; 1,16; e 1,41% de cálcio. Com o término de cada experimento, foram abatidas 72 aves (duas aves por box), para extração das tíbias, visando à medição da resistência à quebra e análises de cálcio e cinzas nos ossos. Os valores da exigência de cálcio foram estimados por intermédio de ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, teores de cálcio e cinzas nos ossos (em porcentagem e em gramas) e resistência à quebra dos ossos, utilizando-se os modelos de regressão linear e/ou quadrática. De acordo com as respostas biológicas das aves frente aos níveis de cálcio estudados, sugerem-se os valores de 1,02 e 1,01% de cálcio como a exigência para frangos de corte de 22 a 42 e 43 a 53 dias de idade, respectivamente. Contudo, levando-se em consideração a resistência à quebra óssea, a exigência de cálcio para frangos de corte de 22 a 42 e 43 a 53 dias de idade seria de 1,28 e 1,18%, respectivamente. Palavras-chave: requerimento de cálcio, desempenho, ossos, frango de corte Calcium Requirement for Broiler Chicks from 22 to 42 and 43 to 53 Days OldABSTRACT -Two experiments were carried out to determine the nutritional requirement of calcium for broilers in growing (22 to 42 days), and finishing (43 to 53 days) phases. Three hundred and sixty Avian Farm broiler chicks (180 from each sex) were used in both trails. The first experiment lasted 21 days and the second one, 10 days. A completely randomized design was used in both experiments, with six treatments, six replications and 10 birds per experimental unity (five males and five females). Two basal diets were formulated to meet the birds nutritional requirements, except for the calcium, that remained deficient at the level of 0.16%. The basal diets in each experiment were supplemented with 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, and 1.25% calcium from calcium carbonate, resulting in the levels of 0. 16, 0.41, 0.66, 0.91, 1.16 and 1.41% of calcium, and the treatments were used to estimated the calcium requirements of broilers. At the end of each experiment, 72 birds were sacrificed by cervical disl...

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Calcium and Phosphorus Requirements of Growing Turkeys and Chickens

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Calcium and Phosphorus Requirements of Broiler Chickens

Calcium and Phosphorus Requirements of Broiler Chickens

Effect of Dietary Phosphorus and Calcium on Performance of Broilers from 3 to 7 Weeks of Age

Exigência nutricional de cálcio para frangos de corte, nas fases de crescimento e terminação

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