Calcium and phosphorus metabolism and nutrition of poultry: are current diets formulated in excess?

Li, X.; Zhang, D.; Bryden, W. L.

doi:10.1071/an17389

Cited by 72 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Bone metabolism largely mediates P and Ca metabolism, which are closely related but differ in relation to the endocrine control of absorption and renal reabsorption/excretion [31]. Dietary P is absorbed and accumulated in the small intestinal mucosa, then released into the blood gradually [32], where concentrations are maintained by homeostasis [33], as was evident in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) are the most important minerals in bone development and comprise the inorganic component of bone tissue, providing hardness and strength to the skeleton [3]. Diets de cient or imbalanced in these co-dependent minerals severely decrease growth performance and nutrient retention of broilers [4,5]. Many studies have investigated the absorption and metabolism of Ca and P, and there is a greater understanding of the regulatory mechanisms controlling Ca metabolism than P metabolism [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diets de cient or imbalanced in these co-dependent minerals severely decrease growth performance and nutrient retention of broilers [4,5]. Many studies have investigated the absorption and metabolism of Ca and P, and there is a greater understanding of the regulatory mechanisms controlling Ca metabolism than P metabolism [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enterococcus Faecium Modulates the Gut Microflora of Broilers and Enhances Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization

wang

Cai

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The modern broiler or meat chicken has ongoing bone health problems. Phosphorus (P) plays an important role in bone development and increased understanding of P metabolism should improve the skeletal health of broilers. Enterococcus faecium has been widely used as a probiotic in broiler production and shown to improve skeletal health of rats; but its effect on the bones of broilers remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of E. faecium on P absorption and utilization in broilers and associated changes in the gut microflora using 16S rDNA sequencing.Results: Dietary supplementation with E. faecium improved P absorption through up-regulation of the expression of intestinal NaP-IIb mRNA, and increased the concentration of serum alkaline phosphatase. These actions increased P retention and bone mineralization in E. faecium treated broilers. The positive effects of E. faecium on P metabolism were associated with changes in the structure of the intestinal microbiota. There was increased relative abundance of the following genera, Alistipes, Eubacterium, Rikenella and Ruminococcaceae, and a decrease in the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Escherichia-Shigella. Conclusions: Dietary supplementation with E. faecium changed gut microbiota structure of broilers, increased the relative abundance of SCFA (short chain fatty acid) producing bacteria, improved intestinal P absorption, bone forming metabolic activities, and decreased P excretion. E. faecium facilitates increased utilisation of P in broilers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enterococcus Faecium Modulates the Gut Microflora of Broilers and Enhances Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization

wang

Cai

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…As essential minerals, calcium ( Ca ) and phosphorus ( P ) play important and extensive roles in nucleic acid synthesis, energy metabolism, muscle contraction, enzyme activity, signal transduction, and bone mineralization ( Li et al., 2017 ). Considering that these 2 minerals are major inorganic components of bone, the deficiency in Ca or P could result in leg weakness and, if severe enough, increase morbidity and mortality ( Edwards, 2000 , Venalainen et al., 2006 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary calcium or phosphorus deficiency impairs the bone development by regulating related calcium or phosphorus metabolic utilization parameters of broilers

Xing

Shao

et al. 2020

Poultry Science

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An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary calcium ( Ca ) or phosphorus ( P ) deficiency on bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers. A total of 504 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments with 7 replicates of 18 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. A 2 (Ca levels: 1.00 and 0.35%) × 2 (nonphytate P [ NPP ] levels: 0.45 and 0.23%) factorial arrangement of treatments was adopted in the 21-day trial. The 4 treatments were the Ca- and P-adequate diet (1.00% Ca + 0.45% NPP), the Ca-deficient diet (0.35% Ca + 0.45% NPP), the P-deficient diet (1.00% Ca + 0.23% NPP), and the Ca- and P-deficient diet (0.35% Ca + 0.23% NPP). The greatest impact on tibia bone mineral density, bone breaking strength, and ash content was in the P-deficient diets, especially in broilers fed with the Ca-adequate diet, whereas adequate P and reduced Ca reduced ( P < 0.05) these parameters compared with adequate Ca and P, but not to the same level as P deficiency. Furthermore, dietary Ca or P deficiency, especially adequate Ca and P deficiency decreased ( P < 0.05) serum P, 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 ( 25-OHD 3 ) contents, and tibia ash Ca and P contents but increased ( P < 0.05) the serum Ca content and tibia alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) activity compared with adequate Ca and P. The results from this study indicated that the bone development and Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers were the most sensitive ones to dietary P deficiency, followed by dietary Ca deficiency or Ca and P deficiencies. Dietary P deficiency impaired the bone development by increasing serum Ca content and tibia ALP activity but decreasing serum P, 25-OHD 3 contents, and tibia ash Ca and P contents of broilers. Dietary Ca deficiency impaired bone development by increasing serum Ca content, tibia ALP activity, and tibia ash P content but decreasing serum P, 25-OHD 3 contents, and tibia ash Ca content of broilers.

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“…Woyengo and Wilson (2019) reported that the supplementation of phytase at super-dose levels (≥2500 FTU/kg) had a more positive effect with regard to improving the ileal digestibility of energy, protein, P in maize and other forms of nutrient utilization in the modified diets prepared for poultry when compared with the supplementation of phytase administered at the industry recommended level (1,000 FTU/kg). Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) are important nutrients for bone development and the metabolic processes involved with the enzyme cofactors present in poultry diet formulations (Menezes-Blackburn et al, 2015;Li et al, 2017). However, the concentration levels and rations for poultry must be close to their specified requirements.…”

Section: Poultrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioprocess for Production, Characteristics, and Biotechnological Applications of Fungal Phytases

et al. 2020

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Phytases are a group of enzymes that hydrolyze the phospho-monoester bonds of phytates. Phytates are one of the major forms of phosphorus found in plant tissues. Fungi are mainly used for phytase production. The production of fungal phytases has been achieved under three different fermentation methods including solid-state, semi-solid-state, and submerged fermentation. Agricultural residues and other waste materials have been used as substrates for the evaluation of enzyme production in the fermentation process. Nutrients, physical conditions such as pH and temperature, and protease resistance are important factors for increasing phytase production. Fungal phytases are considered monomeric proteins and generally possess a molecular weight of between 14 and 353 kDa. Fungal phytases display a broad substrate specificity with optimal pH and temperature ranges between 1.3 and 8.0 and 37-67 • C, respectively. The crystal structure of phytase has been studied in Aspergillus. Notably, thermostability engineering has been used to improve relevant enzyme properties. Furthermore, fungal phytases are widely used in food and animal feed additives to improve the efficiency of phosphorus intake and reduce the amount of phosphorus in the environment.

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Calcium and phosphorus metabolism and nutrition of poultry: are current diets formulated in excess?

Cited by 72 publications

References 29 publications

Enterococcus Faecium Modulates the Gut Microflora of Broilers and Enhances Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization

Enterococcus Faecium Modulates the Gut Microflora of Broilers and Enhances Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization

Dietary calcium or phosphorus deficiency impairs the bone development by regulating related calcium or phosphorus metabolic utilization parameters of broilers

Bioprocess for Production, Characteristics, and Biotechnological Applications of Fungal Phytases

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