Calcium and Phosphorus Levels in Healthy Newborn Infants Given Various Types of Milk

Oppé, T. E.; Redstone, D.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(68)91407-4

Cited by 65 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…One study by Oppe and Redstone2 showed an incidence of early onset hypocalcaemia—that is, within the first 72 hours of life—to be as high as 50%. Ill premature infants, particularly those with respiratory distress syndrome, have a higher incidence of hypocalcaemia because of inadequate intake of calcium and endogenous phosphate secretion from enhanced catabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional atrioventricular block in a preterm infant

Alwahab

Munyard

2001

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional atrioventricular block in a preterm infant

Alwahab

Munyard

2001

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]16 The effect is transient and occurs during the first weeks of life. The concern of increased risk of neonatal hypocalcemia has led infant formula companies to reduce the phosphorus content of the formula and to try to provide a formula with a calcium-to-phosphorus ratio more similar to that of human milk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In infants, there are three reasons to suggest utilization of formulas that provide low but adequate phosphorus intake and a balanced ratio of calcium to phosphorus: (1) a low intestinal phosphorus concentration is an essential condition for generating an acid pH of the feces, which inhibits the growth of potentially pathogenic organisms; (2) the immature infantile kidney cannot readily excrete a surplus of phosphorus, and higher phosphorus intake during the neonatal period is a significant risk factor for hypocal-cemic tetany in both preterm 1 and full-term infants [2][3][4][5][6][7] ; and (3) high phosphorus and calcium intake in the newborn can result in metabolic acidosis secondary to a decreased renal capacity for acid excretion. It is thought that all three pathophysiologic mechanisms were effective in the biochemical evolution of humans, selecting women with low phosphorus milk and infants with a constantly high intestinal absorption rate of phosphorus.…”

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confidence: 99%

Randomized Trial of Varying Mineral Intake on Total Body Bone Mineral Accretion During the First Year of Life

et al. 1997

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ABSTRACT.Objective. The effect of varying mineral intakes on total body bone mass accretion during the first year of life in healthy full-term infants is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether total body bone mass accretion during the first year of life was influenced by the calcium and phosphorus intake of an infant and whether early differences in bone accretion persist through 1 year of age.Design. This prospective, randomized trial was conducted in two phases. In phase I, 67 infants were randomized within the first 2 weeks of life into either a low (439 mg of calcium per liter and 240 mg of phosphorus per liter) or moderate (510 mg of calcium per liter and 390 mg of phosphorus per liter) mineral-containing formula feeding group. An additional group of 34 human milkfed (low mineral) infants also was enrolled. Phase II involved an additional randomization of all infants at 6 months of age into moderate-mineral formula (see above), high-mineral formula (1350 mg of calcium per liter and 900 mg of phosphorus per liter), or cow milk (1230 mg of calcium per liter and 960 mg of phosphorus per liter) feeding group. Anthropometric measurements, nutrient intake, and total body bone mineral content (BMC) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were measured at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.Results. During the first 6 months, the moderate-mineral group had a greater increase in weight (3.42 ؎ 0.62 kg) compared with the human milk group (2.93 ؎ 0.56 kg); the low-mineral group (3.19 ؎ 0.62 kg) was intermediate. Bone mass accretion differed in a similar direction, with the moderate-mineral feeding group having a greater increase than the human milk group and the low-mineral group being intermediate of the two. Including weight, length, and bone area as covariates, both the low-mineral formula-and human milk-fed groups had similar BMC, which was lower than that of the moderatemineral group at 3 and 6 months of age. Adjusted mean BMC values for the moderate-mineral formula-fed group compared with the low-mineral formula-and human milk-fed groups were 127.8 ؎ 1.5 (SEM) g vs 119.2 ؎ 1.5 and 122.1 ؎ 1.4 g, respectively, at 3 months of age and 168.7 ؎ 2.5 g vs 157.6 ؎ 2.5 and 158.7 ؎ 2.4 g, respectively, at 6 months of age. The BMC at 6 months of age among the formula-fed infants was correlated with both average dietary phosphorus intake (r ‫؍‬ .592) and average daily calcium intake (r ‫؍‬ .620) during the first 6 months. The relationships between BMC and these minerals remained significant even after controlling for caloric intake. It was not possible to determine the independent effects of dietary calcium and phosphorus on BMC because of the strong correlation of these minerals with each other. Despite significant differences in both calcium and phosphorus intakes during the second 6 months of life, there were no differences in growth parameters or bone mass accretion. Means for BMC, adjusted for body weight, length, and bone area, were not significantly different among feeding groups at either 9 or 12 months of ag...

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“…The tendency towards hypocalcaemia is greater in newborn infants fed cows' milk than in corresponding breast-fed infants (Barltrop and Oppe, 1970), especially when the cows' milk formula contains concentrations of phosphorus greatly in excess of that in breast milk (Oppe and Redstone, 1968). Neonatal hypocalcaemia can be prevented by the addition of calcium to the cows' milk formula, suggesting that the mass of Ca reaching the plasma from cows' milk formulae is less adequate than from breast milk (Barltrop and Oppe, 1970).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption and endogenous faecal excretion of calcium by low birthweight infants on feeds with varying contents of calcium and phosphate.

Barltrop¹,

Mole²,

Sutton³

1977

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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SUMMARY Low birthweight infants aged 4-41 days were given from birth one of three experimental milk formulae varying widely in content of calcium and phosphate. Ca and P in feed, urine, and faeces were measured between carmine markers corresponding to a metabolic period of 48 hours. Calcium enriched in 46Ca to provide a marker for the dietary Ca was added to one feed and 46Ca measured in urine and faeces. True absorption of Ca and endogenous excretion into the bowel could then be inferred. True absorption of Ca was proportional to Ca intake and independent of P intake. Endogenous faecal excretion seemed to be independent of both Ca and P intakes, and varied widely between different infants in the range 4-150 mg/day. Urine Ca was low and retention was essentially the difference between true absorption and endogenous faecal excretion. Retention of Ca tended to be much greater on a high Ca intake, but the variability in retention between infants on a given intake was large, paralleling the variability in endogenous faecal excretion.The variability in plasma Ca concentrations in newborn infants may in part be a consequence of wide individual variability in endogenous faecal excretion. The 46Ca marker technique provides a means of investigating the factors determining this variability.

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Calcium and Phosphorus Levels in Healthy Newborn Infants Given Various Types of Milk

Cited by 65 publications

References 9 publications

Functional atrioventricular block in a preterm infant

Functional atrioventricular block in a preterm infant

Randomized Trial of Varying Mineral Intake on Total Body Bone Mineral Accretion During the First Year of Life

Absorption and endogenous faecal excretion of calcium by low birthweight infants on feeds with varying contents of calcium and phosphate.

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