Calcium and inorganic phosphorus content of prenatal and postpartum serum

Muli, J.W.; Bill, Arthur H.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(32)90142-2

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Human fetuses share the finding of an elevated serum calcium and ionized calcium, typically 0.30 -0.50 mM above the maternal level (143,148,463,523,594,595). This has been demonstrated at 15-20 wk of gestation by fetoscopy (453), and at delivery of preterm singleton and twin pregnancies (mean gestational age 33 wk) (152).…”

Section: Human Datamentioning

confidence: 89%

Bone Development and Mineral Homeostasis in the Fetus and Neonate: Roles of the Calciotropic and Phosphotropic Hormones

Kovacs

2014

Physiological Reviews

207

188

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Mineral and bone metabolism are regulated differently in utero compared with the adult. The fetal kidneys, intestines, and skeleton are not dominant sources of mineral supply for the fetus. Instead, the placenta meets the fetal need for mineral by actively transporting calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium from the maternal circulation. These minerals are maintained in the fetal circulation at higher concentrations than in the mother and normal adult, and such high levels appear necessary for the developing skeleton to accrete a normal amount of mineral by term. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitriol circulate at low concentrations in the fetal circulation. Fetal bone development and the regulation of serum minerals are critically dependent on PTH and PTH-related protein, but not vitamin D/calcitriol, fibroblast growth factor-23, calcitonin, or the sex steroids. After birth, the serum calcium falls and phosphorus rises before gradually reaching adult values over the subsequent 24 -48 h. The intestines are the main source of mineral for the neonate, while the kidneys reabsorb mineral, and bone turnover contributes mineral to the circulation. This switch in the regulation of mineral homeostasis is triggered by loss of the placenta and a postnatal fall in serum calcium, and is followed in sequence by a rise in PTH and then an increase in calcitriol. Intestinal calcium absorption is initially a passive process facilitated by lactose, but later becomes active and calcitriol-dependent. However, calcitriol's role can be bypassed by increasing the calcium content of the diet, or by parenteral administration of calcium.

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Section: Human Datamentioning

confidence: 89%

Bone Development and Mineral Homeostasis in the Fetus and Neonate: Roles of the Calciotropic and Phosphotropic Hormones

Kovacs

2014

Physiological Reviews

207

188

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…No significance has been attached to this as regards the growing fetus since it has long been believed that the demands of the child were met at the expense of the mother. This belief was in part substantiated by evidence that the calcium and phosphorus content of the cord blood invariably runs higher than that of the maternal blood drawn at the same time (3). It seemed to us, however, that this question should not be closed without an investigation of the possibility of some correlation between the maternal and fetal circulations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Variations in Serum Calcium and Phosphorus During Pregnancy. Iii. The Effect on the Fetal Circulation

Mull¹

1936

J. Clin. Invest.

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In an earlier paper (1) we demonstrated that pregnancy causes a fall in both the calcium and inorganic phosphorus content of the maternal blood. This fall, averaging almost 5 per cent at its point of greatest effect, about six weeks before delivery, carries the calcium level below the lower limit of the range for normal non-pregnant women (2). No significance has been attached to this as regards the growing fetus since it has long been believed that the demands of the child were met at the expense of the mother. This belief was in part substantiated by evidence that the calcium and phosphorus content of the cord blood invariably runs higher than that of the maternal blood drawn at the same time (3). It seemed to us, however, that this question should not be closed without an investigation of the possibility of some correlation between the maternal and fetal circulations.The subjects, young women ranging from 16 to 36 years of age, delivered in the hospital, were normal pregnant patients with one exception, a toxemia of pregnancy. The cord blood was obtained from the residual end of the cord immediately after the delivery of the baby. Venous blood was drawn from the mother at approximately the same time. The calcium and phosphorus determinations were made by the same methods, with the same precautions, used in our earlier investigations. The serum was removed from the clot as soon as practical, 30 to 60 minutes after drawing, and the determinations made on clear fresh aliquots.The results are embodied in Tables I and II. In both, the cord findings are tabulated in columns according to short interval ranges of the corresponding maternal values. The averages of these tabulations indicate very clearly that the levels of the cord blood, although without an exception higher than the maternal, are dependent on those of the maternal circulation. Not only do the av-

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“…At birth the proportion of diffusible calcium in cord blood is lower than in the maternal blood (2, 6, 7), although the total calcium is 1 to 3 mgm. higher in the newborn (8,9,10). It is still questionable whether these reported changes in the proportions of diffusible calcium in the blood during pregnancy and at birth are due to absolute changes in this fraction or are the result of changes in the total calcium.…”

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confidence: 99%

Filterable Serum Calcium in Late Pregnant and Parturient Women, and in the Newborn

Andersch

Oberst²

1936

J. Clin. Invest.

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Calcium and inorganic phosphorus content of prenatal and postpartum serum

Cited by 23 publications

References 24 publications

Bone Development and Mineral Homeostasis in the Fetus and Neonate: Roles of the Calciotropic and Phosphotropic Hormones

Bone Development and Mineral Homeostasis in the Fetus and Neonate: Roles of the Calciotropic and Phosphotropic Hormones

Variations in Serum Calcium and Phosphorus During Pregnancy. Iii. The Effect on the Fetal Circulation

Filterable Serum Calcium in Late Pregnant and Parturient Women, and in the Newborn

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