Calcium and Fruit Softening: Physiology and Biochemistry

Poovaiah, B. W.; Glenn, Gregory M.; Reddy, Anireddy S. N.

doi:10.1002/9781118060834.ch4

Cited by 139 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…It stimulates cell division and elongation and builds the structure and permeability of cell membrane. Calcium is a major part of cell wall, especially in the middle lamella which stores 60% of calcium, and the rest of calcium is in the cell membrane (Huang et al 2008 ;Poovaiah et al 1988 ) . It cross-links the pectin polysaccharide matrix and strengthens the structural rigidity of the cell wall.…”

Section: Foliar Application Of Calciummentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactant and Nutrient Uptake in Citrus

Singh

Khan

2012

Advances in Citrus Nutrition

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Generally roots not only provide anchorage and support to plants but also help to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. The roots and shoots of plants including citrus are functionally separate but mutually dependent. The roots absorb water and mineral nutrients from the soil and transport to the areal parts including shoots and leaves. In return the shoots supply photosynthates to the roots. Presently the need of absorption of inorganic nutrients through plant leaves has AbstractThe availability of essential nutrients in appropriate amount ensures the growth, productivity and quality for sustainable production of tree fruits including citrus. The essential mineral element below the critical level adversely affects growth and yield even other minerals are within optimum range. A balanced and continuous supply of the essential nutrients is a key for citrus growers to ensure pro fi tability. Soil application is recommended for most of the macronutrients such as N, P and K, as these are required in large quantities. However, the soil application leads to nutrient losses through runoff, leaching and fi xation. Therefore, the foliar application is considered as an attractive alternative to the soil application of essential nutrients. Particularly, the trace elements which are required in small quantity are preferably applied through the foliar sprays. Nutrients applied through the foliar spray are directly absorbed though leaves and have several positive attributes. Foliar application can reduce overall fertiliser application rate and energy use, improve nutrient uptake and reduce underground water pollution. The ef fi ciency of foliar application of nutrients can further be enhanced with the addition of surfactants or adjuvant into the spray solution. Surfactants can be classi fi ed into various groups on the basis of their composition such as cationic, anionic, non-ionic, zwitterionic or ampholytic. The surfactants are widely used in foliar application of both macro-and micronutrients. This chapter reviews the available information about the use of surfactants in the foliar application of mineral elements in citrus with special reference to nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), boron (B) or copper (Cu).

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Section: Foliar Application Of Calciummentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactant and Nutrient Uptake in Citrus

Singh

Khan

2012

Advances in Citrus Nutrition

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“…A further review appears elsewhere in this issue (Poovaiah et al 1988). With such a large volume of literature available, an attempt will be made to summarise those factors known to directly affect fruit ripening physiology.…”

Section: Calciummentioning

confidence: 99%

Avocado Fruit Development and Ripening Physiology

Bower

Cutting

1988

Horticultural Reviews

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“…Calcium is a key plant nutrient that has a significant role in cell functions, including reducing softening and senescence of fruits (Barker;Pilbeam, 2015), and it is also considered the most important mineral element determining fruit quality (ElBadawy, 2012). The role of calcium in stabilizing cellular membranes and delaying senescence in horticultural crops, Glenn;Reddy, 1988), as well as its contribution to the linkages between pectic substances within the cellwall are well known. Pre-harvest calcium treatments to increase calcium content of the cell wall were effective in delaying senescence, resulting in firmer and higher fruit quality (Serrano et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-harvest application of calcium chloride and chitosan on fruit quality and storability of ‘Early Swelling’ peach during cold storage

et al. 2017

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Studies related with the storage of peach fruits have received great relevance in Egypt. In this study, the effect of pre-harvest sprays of calcium chloride and chitosan, separately and in combination, on quality attributes and storability of peach fruits stored at 0±1 °C was studied. 'Early Swelling' peach trees were sprayed twice with 1% or 2% calcium chloride. The first spraying was at pea stage, while the second one was performed at 10 days before harvesting. Chitosan sprays were performed at 0.5 or 1%, alone or in combination with 1 and 2% calcium chloride, at 10 days before harvesting. Untreated trees served as control. Fruits were harvested at maturity stage, then packaged and stored at 0±1 °C and 85-90% of relative humidity. Fruit physical and chemical properties were evaluated at 7-day intervals. Results showed that pre-harvest application with 2% CaCl 2 +1% chitosan was most effective in minimizing weight loss (%) and decay (%), as well as in maintaining maximum firmness and lengthening shelf life. Fruit color was not affected by any of the treatments, while untreated fruits and calcium chloride treatment alone, at both applied concentrations, maintained higher total soluble solids (TSS, %), total phenolic content, and lower titratable acidity percentage.Index terms: Alternative chemicals; CaCl 2 ; quality attributes. RESUMOEstudos relacionados ao armazenamento de pêssego tem sido considerado de grande relevância no Egito. Neste estudo, o efeito da pulverização pré-colheita com cloereto de calico e quitosano, isoladamente ou em conjunto, na qualidade e na capacidade de armazenamento de frutos de pessegueiro armazenados a 0±1 °C foi avaliada. Frutos da variedade 'Early Swelling' foram tratados com 1,0 ou 2,0% de cloreto de cálcio. O primeiro tratamento foi aplicado num estado precoce de formação do fruto enquanto o segundo foi aplicado 10 dias antes da colheita. Quitosano foi aplicado nas concentrações de 0,5 ou 1,0%, isoladamente ou em combinação com 1,0% ou 2,0% de cloreto de cálcio também 10 dias antes da colheita. Árvores não tratadas serviram como controle. Os frutos foram colhidos quando maduros, empacotados e mantidos a 0±1 °C e sob condições de humidade relativa de 85-90%. Propriedades físicas e químicas dos frutos foram avaliadas em intervalos de 7 dias. Os resultados mostraram que a aplicação de 2% CaCl 2 + 1% quitosano foi a mais eficaz em minimizar a perda de peso (%) e a senescência (%), bem como na manutenção da rigidez e aumento do período de vida em prateleira. A cor dos frutos não foi afectada por nenhum dos tratamentos enquanto frutos não tratados e cloreto de cálcio isoladamente, em ambas as concentrações, mantiveram um elevado teor de sólidos solúveis totais (TSS, %), elevado teor de fenóis e reduzida percentagem de acidez de titulação.Termos para indexação: Químicos alternativos; CaCl 2 ; atributos qualitativos.

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Calcium and Fruit Softening: Physiology and Biochemistry

Cited by 139 publications

References 158 publications

Surfactant and Nutrient Uptake in Citrus

Surfactant and Nutrient Uptake in Citrus

Avocado Fruit Development and Ripening Physiology

Pre-harvest application of calcium chloride and chitosan on fruit quality and storability of ‘Early Swelling’ peach during cold storage

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