Calcium: A novel and efficient inducer of differentiation of adipose‐derived stem cells into neuron‐like cells

Abstract

This study comparatively investigated the effectiveness of calcium and other well-known inducers such as isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) and insulin in differentiating human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into neuronal-like cells. ADSCs were immunophenotyped and differentiated into neuron-like cells with different combinations of calcium, IBMX, and insulin. Calcium mobilization across the membrane was determined. Differentiated cells were characterized by cell cycle profiling, staining of Nissl bodies, detecting the gene expression level of markers such as neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN), microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), doublecortin, synapsin I, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and myelin basic protein (MBP) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and protein level by the immunofluorescence technique. Treatment with Ca + IBMX + Ins induced neuronal appearance and projection of neurite-like processes in the cells, accompanied with inhibition of proliferation and halt in the cell cycle. A significantly higher expression of MBP, GFAP, NeuN, NSE, synapsin 1, doublecortin, and MAP2 was detected in differentiated cells, confirming the advantages of Ca + IBMX + Ins to the other combinations of inducers. Here, we showed an efficient protocol for neuronal differentiation of ADSCs, and calcium fostered differentiation by augmenting the number of neuron-like cells and instantaneous increase in the expression of neuronal markers.

Conditioned Media From Glial Cells Promote a Neural-Like Connexin Expression in Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…To date, a growing body of literature indicates the possibility of a neural differentiation of ASCs. This differentiation is supported by the induction of typical neural marker, evaluated both at protein expression and mRNA levels ( Goudarzi et al, 2018 ), as well as for their functional characteristics ( Jang et al, 2010 ; Guo et al, 2016 ; Ching et al, 2018 ). Moreover, some transcription factors such as Pax6, NeuroD1, Tbr2, and Tbr1, associated to different stages of neurogenesis, were found overexpressed in ASCs after neural induction ( Cardozo et al, 2012 ).…”

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) transplantation restored olfactory function in anosmic rats

“…CTT JOURNAL | VOLUME 8 | NUMBER 4 | NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 2019 because it has been previously shown that BDNF-expressing hUCB-MSCs have great ability to differentiate into astrocytes and olfactory bulb in mice [24]. Furthermore, adipose tissue, an important source for stem cells, can be considered for differentiation towards a neuronal lineage and olfactory restoration [25][26][27][28]. As shown by Kokai and colleagues, ASCs may differentiate into different cell types, like neural stem cells [25].…”

<p>Homing of Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) Labeled Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by Magnetic Attraction in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease</p>

“…[15][16][17] ADSCs have multipotency, are capable of self-renewing, and can differentiate into types of mesenchymal lineage and transdifferentiate into neurons and glial-like cells. 18,19 Research has shown transdifferentiated ADSCs into neuron-like cells with selectively expressed nestin and neuronal molecules. [18][19][20] Similar results have been reported in functional transdifferentiated ADSCs into motor neuron-like cells (MNLC).…”

“…18,19 Research has shown transdifferentiated ADSCs into neuron-like cells with selectively expressed nestin and neuronal molecules. [18][19][20] Similar results have been reported in functional transdifferentiated ADSCs into motor neuron-like cells (MNLC). MNLC showed immunostaining of their processes with ChAT and synaptophysin and their potential for load and unload FM1-43 fluorochrome and synapsed with myotube cells.…”