Calcitonin receptor expression in medullary thyroid carcinoma

Cappagli, Virginia; Potes, Catarina Soares; Ferreira, Luciana Bueno; Tavares, Catarina; Eloy, Catarina; Elisei, Rossella; Sobrinho-Simões, Manuel; Wookey, Peter J.; Soares, Paula

doi:10.7717/peerj.3778

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Among 75 MC, calcitonin receptor was expressed in 82.7% of cases. It showed strong positive correlation with calcitonin (p = 0.001) and osteocalcin (p = 0.009) as reported by Cappagli et al [103]. CEA expression is characteristic and is mostly widespread and moderate to strong by intensity [104].…”

Section: Immunohistochemistry Of Thyroid Neoplasmssupporting

confidence: 67%

Thyroid Nodules in Diagnostic Pathology: From Classic Concepts to Innovations

Fridrihsone¹,

Štrumfa²,

Strumfs³

et al. 2018

Histopathology - An Update

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Thyroid nodules are frequent in general population, found in 3.7-7% of people by palpation and 42-67% by ultrasonography (US). The differential diagnosis ranges from papillary (PC), follicular (FC) and medullary (MC) carcinomas to follicular adenoma (FA) and colloid goitre. Cancer risk in thyroid nodules varies: 5% in masses found by palpation, 1.6-15% by US, 3.9-11.3% by computed tomography (CT), 5-6% by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 30-50% by positron emission tomography (PET). The final diagnosis depends on fine needle aspiration (FNA) findings and histopathology. The recent WHO classification (2017) is based on classic morphology, including assessment of invasion and nuclei. New entities are defined to designate tumours with doubtful invasion or controversial nuclear features. By immunohistochemistry, PC expresses HBME-1, TROP-2, CITED1 and CK19. Notably, PC can stain for CD20. MC is recognised by neuroendocrine differentiation. To distinguish FA vs. FC, evaluation of HBME-1, p27 and galectin has been suggested. Regarding miRNAs, miR-146b, miR-222, miR-221 and miR-181b are upregulated, while miR-145, miR-451, miR-613 and miR-137 are downregulated in PC. FC features downregulated miR-199a-5p and upregulated miR-197 and miR-346. In MC, miR-21 and miR-129-5p are downregulated. In addition, increased systemic inflammatory reaction can be poor prognostic factor in thyroid cancer. The aim of this chapter is to review classic and innovative histopathology of thyroid nodules for diagnostic pathology practice and research in multidisciplinary thyroid teams.

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Section: Immunohistochemistry Of Thyroid Neoplasmssupporting

confidence: 67%

Thyroid Nodules in Diagnostic Pathology: From Classic Concepts to Innovations

Fridrihsone¹,

Štrumfa²,

Strumfs³

et al. 2018

Histopathology - An Update

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“…Osteogenic differentiation proceeds through different developmental stages characterized by specific markers including early markers such as ALP and late markers such as OC. Additionally, porcine graft induced a decrease in the expression of the CR gene, a bone resorption marker and regulator of calcium metabolism via specific receptors [32]. RANKL/RANK/OPG expression levels on days three and seven indicated that the cells cultured in DMEM + porcine graft had more osteoblast-related gene expression than osteoclasts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine Collagen–Bone Composite Induced Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Regeneration In Vitro and In Vivo

et al. 2020

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Due to autogenous bone limitations, some substitute bone grafts were developed. Collagenated porcine graft (CPG) is able to regenerate new bone, although the number of studies is insufficient, highlighting the need for future studies to better understand the biomaterial. In order to understand better CPG′s possible dental guided bone regeneration indications, the aim of this work was to determine CPG′s biological capacity to induce osteoblast differentiation in vitro and guided bone regeneration in vivo, whilst being compared with commercial hydroxyapatite and beta tricalcium phosphate (HA/β-TCP) and porcine graft alone. Cell cytotoxicity (WST-1), alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were assessed in vitro. Critical size defects of New Zealand white rabbits were used for the in vivo part, with critical size defect closures and histological analyses. WST-1 and ALP indicated that CPG directly stimulated a greater proliferation and confluency of cells with osteoblastic differentiation in vitro. Gene sequencing indicated stable bone formation markers, decreased resorption makers, and bone remodeling coupling factors, making the transition from osteoclast to osteoblast expression at the end of seven days. CPG resulted in the highest new bone regeneration by osteoconduction in critical size defects of rabbit calvaria at eight weeks. Nonetheless, all biomaterials achieved nearly complete calvaria defect closure. CPG was found to be osteoconductive, like porcine graft and HA/β-TCP, but with higher new bone formation in critical size defects of rabbit calvaria at eight weeks. CPG can be used for different dental guided bone regeneration procedures; however, further studies are necessary.

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“…Cell stress Furness et al 61 Inflammatory cytokines Meeuwsen et al 62 Wound healing Wookey et al 31 Cardiovascular disease Blood vessels Wookey et al 63,64 Cancers Glioblastoma Wookey et al, 29 Gilabert-Oriol et al, 65 Pal et al 66 Prostate Ritchie et al, 67 Thomas et al 68 Medullary thyroid Frendo et al, 69,70 Cappagli et al 71 Thyroid carcinomas Boot et al 72 Bone (osteoclastoma, giant cell) Nicholson et al, 73 Gorn et al 74 Multiple myeloma Silvestris et al 75 Leukaemia (ALL, AML), K562 Wookey et al, 31 Mould and Pondel 76 Ovarian cell line BIN-67 Gorn et al 77 Breast Findlay et al, 78 Gillespie et al 79 ALL, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia; AML, Acute Myeloid Leukaemia.…”

Section: Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building the case for the calcitonin receptor as a viable target for the treatment of glioblastoma

et al. 2020

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Researchers are actively seeking novel targeted therapies for the brain tumour glioblastoma (GBM) as the mean survival is less than 15 months. Here we discuss the proposal that the calcitonin receptor (CT Receptor), expressed in 76–86% of patient biopsies, is expressed by both malignant glioma cells and putative glioma stem cells (GSCs), and therefore represents a potential therapeutic target. Forty-two per cent (42%) of high-grade glioma (HGG; representative of GSCs) cell lines express CT Receptor protein. CT Receptors are widely expressed throughout the life cycle of organisms and in some instances promote apoptosis. Which of the common isoforms of the CT Receptor are predominantly expressed is currently unknown, but a functional response to cell stress of the insert-positive isoform is hypothesised. A model for resistant malignancies is one in which chemotherapy plays a direct role in activating quiescent stem cells for replacement of the tumour tissue hierarchy. The putative role that the CT Receptor plays in maintenance of quiescent cancer stem cells is discussed in view of the activation of the Notch–CT Receptor–collagen V axis in quiescent muscle (satellite) stem cells. The pharmacological CT response profiles of four of the HGG cell lines were reported. Both CT responders and non-responders were sensitive to an immunotoxin based on an anti-CT Receptor antibody. The CALCR mRNA exhibits alternative splicing commonly associated with cancer cells, which could result in the atypical pharmacology exhibited by CT non-responders and an explanation of tumour suppression. Due to the inherent instability of CALCR mRNA, analysis of CT Receptor protein in patient samples will lead to improved data for the expression of CT Receptor in GBM and other cancers, and an understanding of the role and activity of the splice variants. This knowledge will aid the effective targeting of this receptor for treatment of GBM.

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Calcitonin receptor expression in medullary thyroid carcinoma

Cited by 4 publications

References 61 publications

Thyroid Nodules in Diagnostic Pathology: From Classic Concepts to Innovations

Thyroid Nodules in Diagnostic Pathology: From Classic Concepts to Innovations

Porcine Collagen–Bone Composite Induced Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Regeneration In Vitro and In Vivo

Building the case for the calcitonin receptor as a viable target for the treatment of glioblastoma

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