Calcite-resorption in the spine of the echinoid Eucidaris tribuloides

Märkel, Konrad; Röser, Ursula

doi:10.1007/bf00312057

Cited by 51 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…), which should be taken into account when considering their potential protective effects. Furthermore, cidaroids are able to “autotomize” the shaft of their primary spines (Prouho ; Cutress ; Märkel & Röser ). This process could also account for the long term resilience of cidaroids in undersaturated conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties, morphogenesis, and effect of acidification on spines of the cidaroid sea urchin Phyllacanthus imperialis

Dery

Guibourt

Catarino

et al. 2014

Invertebrate Biology

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Cidaroid sea urchins are the sister clade to all other extant echinoids and have numerous unique features, including unusual primary spines. These lack an epidermis when mature, exposing their high‐magnesium calcite skeleton to seawater and allowing the settlement of numerous epibionts. Cidaroid spines are made of an inner core of classical monocrystalline skeleton and an outer layer of polycrystalline magnesium calcite. Interestingly, cidaroids survived the Permian‐Triassic crisis, which was characterized by severe acidification of the ocean. Currently, numerous members of this group inhabit the deep ocean, below the saturation horizon for their magnesium calcite skeleton. This suggests that members of this taxon may have characteristics that may allow them to resist ongoing ocean acidification linked to global change. We compared the effect of acidified seawater (pH 7.2, 7.6, or 8.2) on mature spines with a fully developed cortex to that on young, growing spines, in which only the stereom core was developed. The cortex of mature spines was much more resistant to etching than the stereom of young spines. We then examined the properties of the cortex that might be responsible for its resistance compared to the underlying stereomic layers, namely morphology, intramineral organic material, magnesium concentration, intrinsic solubility of the mineral, and density. Our results indicate that the acidification resistance of the cortex is probably due to its lower magnesium concentration and higher density, the latter reducing the amount of surface area in contact with acidified seawater. The biofilm and epibionts covering the cortex of mature spines may also reduce its exposure to seawater.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties, morphogenesis, and effect of acidification on spines of the cidaroid sea urchin Phyllacanthus imperialis

Dery

Guibourt

Catarino

et al. 2014

Invertebrate Biology

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“…They can be locally abundant, however, reflecting the general pattern of benthic species distribution (Jacob et al 2003). The shaft of their spines is not covered by an epithelium and lacks an anti-fouling mechanism (Märkel & Röser 1983), a characteristic that allows colonization by a large number of epibionts. While several studies have described epibiosis on cidaroids, recent (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectosymbiosis is a critical factor in the local benthic biodiversity of the Antarctic deep sea

Hétérier¹,

David²,

Ridder³

et al. 2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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In deep-sea benthic environments, competition for hard substrates is a critical factor in the distribution and diversity of organisms. In this context, the occurrence of biotic substrates in addition to mineral substrates may change the characteristics of sessile fauna. We tested this hypothesis at different localities of the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) by studying the diversity of ectosymbionts living on the spines of cidaroids (echinoids). The presence of cidaroids promoted a higher total specific richness and increased sessile species abundance, but did not change the diversity. Analyses of species distribution suggested that the cidaroids are a favourable habitat for sessile organisms, compared to rocks, but are colonized by relatively specialist sessile species, leaving the unfavourable rock habitat to more generalist species. Therefore, our study highlights the role of some living organisms, such as cidaroids, as key species increasing Antarctic benthic deep-sea species richness through the niche they provide to symbiotic species.

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“…Markel and Roser 1983b), the small number of non-calcifying cells (cf. Heatfield andTravis 1975b, Markel andRoser 1983b) and the wellstudied calcareous parts (Markel et a f . 1977, Jensen 1979, 1981.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ultrastructure of the Plumula of the Tooth of Lytechinus variegatus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)

Chen

Lawrence

1986

Acta Zoologica

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Chen, C.-P., Lawrence, J . M. 1986. The ultrastructure of the plumula of the tooth of Lytechinus variegatus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). (Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, U.S.A.)-Acfa zoo/. (Stockh.) 67. 3 H 1 .The plumula is enclosed by a single layer of epithelial cells. There are two types of odontoblasts: syncytial and free odontoblasts. Syncytial odontoblasts are arranged linearly on the abaxial side and have a highly active Golgi complex, rough endoplasmic reticulum, large and round mitochondria, and small coated vesicles indicative of a high level of secretory activity. Free odontoblasts cluster on the adaxial side and have patchy chromatin and little cytoplasm. The free odontoblasts migrate to the abaxial side, where their structure changes to that of syncytial odontoblasts. Calcareous deposits are formed intracellularly by syncytial odontoblasts within two membranes: an outer plasma membrane and an inner vacuolar membrane. The vacuolar membrane has organic particles on the surface of the membrane. There is no trace of organic matter within the calcareous deposit. Fibroblasts are located on the adaxial side. Collagen fibers are located primarily on the adaxial side adjacent to the calcareous depositing membranes and between free odontoblasts, but they are not located in the deposits. Collagen fibers may play a role in cell migration and thus in calcification. The morphological changes of the plumulae are closely related to calcification. Chang-Po Chen, Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, R. 0. C. Ultrastructure of Sea-Urchin Plumula 41 Vocisano, R. A. 1972. Calcification in echinoderms: regeneration of the test of the sea urchin Sfrongylocenfrofus droebachiensis. Masters Thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Weiner, S. 1985. Organic matrixlike macromolecules associated with the mineral phase of sea urchin skeletal plates and teeth. J . exp. Zool. 234, 7-15.

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Calcite-resorption in the spine of the echinoid Eucidaris tribuloides

Cited by 51 publications

References 12 publications

Properties, morphogenesis, and effect of acidification on spines of the cidaroid sea urchin Phyllacanthus imperialis

Properties, morphogenesis, and effect of acidification on spines of the cidaroid sea urchin Phyllacanthus imperialis

Ectosymbiosis is a critical factor in the local benthic biodiversity of the Antarctic deep sea

The Ultrastructure of the Plumula of the Tooth of Lytechinus variegatus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)

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