Calcineurin B inhibits calcium oxalate crystallization, growth and aggregation via its high calcium-affinity property

Quercetin inhibits calcium oxalate crystallization and growth but promotes crystal aggregation and invasion

“…Generally, a modulator can affect (either inhibit or promote) crystal adhesion on the kidney cells by competitive binding to the crystal surface ( Hadpech et al, 2023 ; Khamchun et al, 2019 ; Noonin et al, 2022 ) or alterations in the surface molecules on the kidney cells that serve as the crystal receptors ( Peerapen et al, 2022 ; Peerapen and Thongboonkerd, 2016 ; Sueksakit and Thongboonkerd, 2019 ). It was surprising that while quercetin affected CaOx crystallization, growth, aggregation and invasion, it had no significant effect on crystal adhesion on kidney cells as compared with the blank and negative controls.…”