Batteries & Supercaps www.batteries-supercaps.org Review doi.org/10.1002/batt.202200059 of LSBs. In this review, the working principles and challenges of LSBs are briefly introduced. The strategies to overcome the challenges of LSBs, such as electrode design and modification, development of novel electrolytes, separator modification/functional interlayer insertion, and protection of lithium anode are systematically discussed. The advanced in situ/operando characterization techniques deployed to reveal the redox chemistries of LSBs also summarized. Finally, a summary and future perspective for developing electrode structure, electrolyte engineering, functional interlayers/separators, and anode protection for the practical application of LSBs are provided.