Calcification generates protons for nutrient and bicarbonate uptake

McConnaughey, Ted A.; Whelan, Joseph F.

doi:10.1016/s0012-8252(96)00036-0

Cited by 416 publications

(301 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…The chemostats were run under NO 3 limitation; the higher cellular C : N ratios in our experiment compared with the C : N ratios reported under N-replete conditions [23] are consistent with N-limitation (figure 1). It has been suggested that calcification increases under N-limitation [57], but this was later attributed to methodological errors in batch experiments [58]. In addition, the C : N ratios did not differ between the treatments in our experiment.…”

Section: Jgimentioning

confidence: 41%

Emiliania huxleyi increases calcification but not expression of calcification-related genes in long-term exposure to elevated temperature and p CO ₂

Benner

Diner

Lefebvre

et al. 2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Increased atmospheric p CO 2 is expected to render future oceans warmer and more acidic than they are at present. Calcifying organisms such as coccolithophores that fix and export carbon into the deep sea provide feedbacks to increasing atmospheric p CO 2 . Acclimation experiments suggest negative effects of warming and acidification on coccolithophore calcification, but the ability of these organisms to adapt to future environmental conditions is not well understood. Here, we tested the combined effect of p CO 2 and temperature on the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi over more than 700 generations. Cells increased inorganic carbon content and calcification rate under warm and acidified conditions compared with ambient conditions, whereas organic carbon content and primary production did not show any change. In contrast to findings from short-term experiments, our results suggest that long-term acclimation or adaptation could change, or even reverse, negative calcification responses in E. huxleyi and its feedback to the global carbon cycle. Genome-wide profiles of gene expression using RNA-seq revealed that genes thought to be essential for calcification are not those that are most strongly differentially expressed under long-term exposure to future ocean conditions. Rather, differentially expressed genes observed here represent new targets to study responses to ocean acidification and warming.

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Section: Jgimentioning

confidence: 41%

Emiliania huxleyi increases calcification but not expression of calcification-related genes in long-term exposure to elevated temperature and p CO ₂

Benner

Diner

Lefebvre

et al. 2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Finally, calcification may enhance photosynthesis in some species by providing protons for conversion of HCO 3 -to CO 2 (aq) [McConnaughey and Whelan, 1997]. This model was not supported in experiments with Stylophora pistillata, where suppression of calcification did not affect its photosynthetic rate , but Cohen and McConnaughey [2003] argue that the photosynthetic need for CO 2 and calcification supply of CO 2 increases the likelihood of a coupling between the two processes.…”

Section: Calcification In Various Reef-buildersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inference is that photosynthesis enhances calcification. It should be noted, however, that the mechanisms for light-enhanced calcification have not been adequately resolved, and that the opposite -that calcification enhances photosynthesis -has also been suggested [McConnaughey and Whelan, 1997;Cohen and McConnaughey, 2003] (see Section 4.1).…”

Section: Natural Variability Of the Carbonate System On Coral Reefsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coral reefs and changing seawater carbonate chemistry

Kleypas¹,

Langdon²

2006

Coral Reefs and Climate Change: Science and Management

148

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Seawater carbonate chemistry of the mixed layer of the oceans is changing rapidly in response to increases in atmospheric CO 2 . The formation and dissolution of calcium carbonate is now known to be strongly affected by these changes, but many questions remain about other controls on biocalcification and inorganic cementation that confound our attempts to make accurate predictions about the effects on both coral reef organisms and reefs themselves. This chapter overviews the current knowledge of the relationship between seawater carbonate chemistry and coral reef calcification, identifies the hurdles in our understanding of the two, and presents a strategy for overcoming those hurdles.

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“…In corals, calcium uptake is directly related to proton pumping (McConnaughey and Whelan, 1997;Sinclair and Risk, 2006). The efflux of H + during calcification (Glas et al, 2012) may therefore help to constrain estimates of calcium pumping rates during calcification.…”

Section: Ca 2+ Transport In Foraminiferamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomineralization in perforate foraminifera

Nooijer

Spero

Erez

et al. 2014

Earth-Science Reviews

202

190

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oIn this paper, we review the current understanding of biomineralization in perforate foraminifera. Ideas on the mechanisms responsible for the flux of Ca 2+ and inorganic carbon from seawater into the test were originally based on light and electron microscopic observations of calcifying foraminifera. From the 1980s onward, tracer experiments, fluorescent microscopy and high-resolution test geochemical analysis have added to existing calcification models. Despite recent insights, no general consensus on the physiological basis of foraminiferal biomineralization exists. Current models include seawater vacuolization, transmembrane ion transport, involvement of organic matrices and/or pH regulation, although the magnitude of these controls remain to be quantified. Disagreement between currently available models may be caused by the use of different foraminiferal species as subject for biomineralization experiments and/or lack of a more systematic approach to study (dis)similarities between taxa. In order to understand foraminiferal controls on element incorporation and isotope fractionation, and thereby improve the value of foraminifera as paleoceanographic proxies, it is necessary to identify key processes in foraminiferal biomineralization and formulate hypotheses regarding the involved physiological pathways to provide directions for future research.

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Calcification generates protons for nutrient and bicarbonate uptake

Cited by 416 publications

References 144 publications

Emiliania huxleyi increases calcification but not expression of calcification-related genes in long-term exposure to elevated temperature and p CO ₂

Emiliania huxleyi increases calcification but not expression of calcification-related genes in long-term exposure to elevated temperature and p CO ₂

Coral reefs and changing seawater carbonate chemistry

Biomineralization in perforate foraminifera

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Calcification generates protons for nutrient and bicarbonate uptake

Cited by 416 publications

References 144 publications

Emiliania huxleyi increases calcification but not expression of calcification-related genes in long-term exposure to elevated temperature and p CO 2

Emiliania huxleyi increases calcification but not expression of calcification-related genes in long-term exposure to elevated temperature and p CO 2

Coral reefs and changing seawater carbonate chemistry

Biomineralization in perforate foraminifera

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Emiliania huxleyi increases calcification but not expression of calcification-related genes in long-term exposure to elevated temperature and p CO ₂

Emiliania huxleyi increases calcification but not expression of calcification-related genes in long-term exposure to elevated temperature and p CO ₂