Calcification and photobiology in symbiont-bearing benthic foraminifera and responses to a high CO2 environment

Vogel, Nina; Uthicke, Sven

doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2012.05.008

Cited by 54 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Experimental manipulations of various species of Foraminifera using pCO 2 levels of up to 2,000 latm have shown no evidence for reduced survivorship (McIntyre-Wressnig et al 2013), nor any effects on photobiology and calcification (Vogel and Uthicke 2012), supporting the hypothesis of Pörtner (2002Pörtner ( , 2008. Other studies, however, have shown reduced calcification of coral reef Foraminifera at elevated pCO 2 levels (Kuroyanagi et al 2009;Haynert et al 2011;Reymond et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…For the increased pCO 2 treatment, water chemistry was manipulated by bubbling analytical CO 2 into the header tanks. The water chemistry was controlled by a computer aquarium system (Aquamedic, Germany), as described in Uthicke et al (2011) and Vogel and Uthicke (2012). Water samples for total alkalinity (A T ) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) determinations were taken weekly and analysed by AIMS Laboratory Services (Vindta 3C).…”

Section: Species Selection and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental approach mimicking 'natural' conditions Specimens were kept inside custom made flow-through housings in each aquarium to achieve higher flow conditions more closely mimicking their habitat than in previous experiments Uthicke et al 2011;Vogel and Uthicke 2012). Flow-through housings contained two levels made from two standard 6-well cellculturing plates with flow-through lids (Electronic Supplementary Material, ESM Fig.…”

Section: Species Selection and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Light levels were chosen for each species separately because of their known distributions and different light saturation points determined by pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry (Hohenegger 2004;Ziegler and Uthicke 2011;Vogel and Uthicke 2012). PAM fluorometry results for M. vertebralis indicated a maximum saturating irradiance (E k ) between 100 and 140 lmol photons m -2 s -1 and for H. depressa between 40 and 60 lmol photons m -2 s -1 (Ziegler and Uthicke 2011).…”

Section: Species Selection and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PAM fluorometry results for M. vertebralis indicated a maximum saturating irradiance (E k ) between 100 and 140 lmol photons m -2 s -1 and for H. depressa between 40 and 60 lmol photons m -2 s -1 (Ziegler and Uthicke 2011). The light levels used in the experiment were chosen to fall below the E k values by Ziegler and Uthicke (2011) and P-I curve P max values determined by Vogel and Uthicke (2012) and were selected to correspond to levels which have shown no changes in mortality rates or chlorophyll a concentrations in previous experimental manipulations of the studied species Uthicke et al 2011;Vogel and Uthicke 2012;Reymond et al 2013). H. depressa was put in the lower level (10-17 lmol photons m -2 s -1 ) of the flow-through housings and M. vertebralis in the top level (38-45 lmol photons m -2 s -1 ) because the latter has a higher E k point, compared with the diatom-bearing species (Ziegler and Uthicke 2011).…”

Section: Species Selection and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined effects of warming and ocean acidification on coral reef Foraminifera Marginopora vertebralis and Heterostegina depressa

2014

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Warming and changes in ocean carbonate chemistry alter marine coastal ecosystems at an accelerating pace. The interaction between these stressors has been the subject of recent studies on reef organisms such as corals, bryozoa, molluscs, and crustose coralline algae. Here we investigated the combined effects of elevated sea surface temperatures and pCO 2 on two species of photosymbiont-bearing coral reef Foraminifera: Heterostegina depressa (hosting diatoms) and Marginopora vertebralis (hosting dinoflagellates). The effects of single and combined stressors were studied by monitoring survivorship, growth, and physiological parameters, such as respiration, photochemistry (pulse amplitude modulation fluorometry and oxygen production), and chl a content. Specimens were exposed in flow-through aquaria for up to seven weeks to combinations of two pCO 2 (*790 and *490 latm) and two temperature (28 and 31°C) regimes. Elevated temperature had negative effects on the physiology of both species. Elevated pCO 2 had negative effects on growth and apparent photosynthetic rate in H.depressa but a positive effect on effective quantum yield. With increasing pCO 2 , chl a content decreased in H. depressa and increased in M. vertebralis. The strongest stress responses were observed when the two stressors acted in combination. An interaction term was statistically significant in half of the measured parameters. Further exploration revealed that 75 % of these cases showed a synergistic (= larger than additive) interaction between the two stressors. These results indicate that negative physiological effects on photosymbiont-bearing coral reef Foraminifera are likely to be stronger under simultaneous acidification and temperature rise than what would be expected from the effect of each of the stressors individually.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Species Selection and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Species Selection and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Species Selection and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Species Selection and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined effects of warming and ocean acidification on coral reef Foraminifera Marginopora vertebralis and Heterostegina depressa

2014

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Seaweed fails to prevent ocean acidification impact on foraminifera along a shallow‐water CO₂ gradient

Pettit

Smart

Hart

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

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Ocean acidification causes biodiversity loss, alters ecosystems, and may impact food security, as shells of small organisms dissolve easily in corrosive waters. There is a suggestion that photosynthetic organisms could mitigate ocean acidification on a local scale, through seagrass protection or seaweed cultivation, as net ecosystem organic production raises the saturation state of calcium carbonate making seawater less corrosive. Here, we used a natural gradient in calcium carbonate saturation, caused by shallow-water CO2 seeps in the Mediterranean Sea, to assess whether seaweed that is resistant to acidification (Padina pavonica) could prevent adverse effects of acidification on epiphytic foraminifera. We found a reduction in the number of species of foraminifera as calcium carbonate saturation state fell and that the assemblage shifted from one dominated by calcareous species at reference sites (pH ∼8.19) to one dominated by agglutinated foraminifera at elevated levels of CO2 (pH ∼7.71). It is expected that ocean acidification will result in changes in foraminiferal assemblage composition and agglutinated forms may become more prevalent. Although Padina did not prevent adverse effects of ocean acidification, high biomass stands of seagrass or seaweed farms might be more successful in protecting epiphytic foraminifera.

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The Adaptations of the Foraminifera and Ostracoda to Fresh Water Colonisation

Iglikowska

Pawłowska

2015

GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences

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In marine environments Ostracoda and Foraminifera have been very successful invaders. During the Phanerozoic they colonised the majority of shallow, marginal to deep water, fully marine habitats. Both groups had developed physiological adaptations which pre-adapted them to the invasion of new marine habitats. They adopted a broad range of feeding strategies and reproduction modes. The production of resting stages and brood care may also have contributed to them being efficient invaders. They are also both highly tolerant to variations in salinity. The first invasions of non-marine habitats by ostracods appear to have taken place at the turn of the Devonian and Carboniferous. It is estimated that there had been between 9 and 12 independent invasions of fresh waters by the ostracods. In contrast Foraminifera are typically marine organisms, and only a few species of agglutinated and organic-walled Foraminifera are to be found in brackish and freshwater environments. Agglutinated species build their test using ambient components but are not commonly regarded as calcifying organisms. An impact of salinity on foraminiferal calcification has been observed in several studies. It seems that Foraminifera are incapable of constructing a fully calcified test in low salinity regimes; they use sea water not only as a source of ions to construct shell, but also as a biomineralisation solution. Thus, the success of ostracods in invading freshwater habitats can be attributed to their development of a more effective mechanism of calcification in low mineralisation waters. The core question of this study is to examine possible causes for the differences in success between the two taxa.

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Calcification and photobiology in symbiont-bearing benthic foraminifera and responses to a high CO2 environment

Cited by 54 publications

References 48 publications

Combined effects of warming and ocean acidification on coral reef Foraminifera Marginopora vertebralis and Heterostegina depressa

Combined effects of warming and ocean acidification on coral reef Foraminifera Marginopora vertebralis and Heterostegina depressa

Seaweed fails to prevent ocean acidification impact on foraminifera along a shallow‐water CO₂ gradient

The Adaptations of the Foraminifera and Ostracoda to Fresh Water Colonisation

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Calcification and photobiology in symbiont-bearing benthic foraminifera and responses to a high CO2 environment

Cited by 54 publications

References 48 publications

Combined effects of warming and ocean acidification on coral reef Foraminifera Marginopora vertebralis and Heterostegina depressa

Combined effects of warming and ocean acidification on coral reef Foraminifera Marginopora vertebralis and Heterostegina depressa

Seaweed fails to prevent ocean acidification impact on foraminifera along a shallow‐water CO2 gradient

The Adaptations of the Foraminifera and Ostracoda to Fresh Water Colonisation

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Seaweed fails to prevent ocean acidification impact on foraminifera along a shallow‐water CO₂ gradient