Cake formation in 2‐D cross‐flow filtration

Lu, Wel-Ming; Hwang, Kuo‐Jen

doi:10.1002/aic.690410610

Cited by 71 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The Happel and Brenner model and Carmen-Kozeny equation both determine specific resistance but assume the domain is made up of either unit cells or bundles of parallel tubes. Essentially, the same experimental set-up was utilized in [2,10] where the particle size distribution went from 1 to 20 micron. Results indicate that values of β c were smaller for larger particles, which imply, all else being constant, they're more likely to be swept away.…”

Section: (Equation 2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crossflow Filtration: Em-31, WP-2.3.6

Duignan¹,

Nash²

2011

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis first part of EM-31 project WP-2.3.6 dealt with determining ways to improve crossflow filtration operations at both the DOE Savannah River Site and the DOE Hanford Site. It included both a literature review and experimentation. The authors would like to thank the SCUREF intern student, Caroline E. Johnson, for assisting in both tasks. Compiling and reviewing references, interviewing filtration researchers, and writing a summary of the background material was very useful to plan experimentation. Furthermore, Ms. Johnson's initial experimental work with the included dead-end filtration tests was invaluable to proceed with the subsequential crossflow filter tests.As always, experiments cannot be performed in the Engineering Development Laboratory (EDL) without the assistance of many experienced engineers and specialists. Tim Steeper helped design the filter housings and his engineering input to the overall facility design was very important, Jerry Corbett created the necessary drawings for the flow system and Mike Restivo was very helpful with his knowledge on the valves and electrical equipment, Mike Williams assistance was very important to complete the Hazards Analysis Package paperwork and with the simulant development. Support from Jeff Smoland to analyze the safety aspects of project and his assistance to coordinate all the many individuals to complete the HAP is greatly appreciated. Advice and insight from John Steimke on all aspects of filter operation as well as that of the EDL manager, Bill Giddings, kept the work fundamentally sound.The crossflow filter tests, which were performed in the EDL could not have been realized with assistance of the laboratory's experienced personnel. Doug Sumpter's technical staff and his planning were fundamental to the successful operation of the experiment. Vernon Bush did a great job with setting up the data acquisition system. We were lucky to have Jimmy Mills perform the instrument calibrations before his retirement in December 2010; we wish him well. Andy Foreman did a great job to support Mike Armstrong when he was unavailable. We are especial grateful to Mr. Armstrong (The Doc) for modifying the existing filtration equipment, operating the test facility, and efficiently address the many problems as they occurred.

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Section: (Equation 2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crossflow Filtration: Em-31, WP-2.3.6

Duignan¹,

Nash²

2011

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“…The parameters in Eq. (7) can be measured in experiments [12][13][14]. Analysis of forces on a depositing particle staying on the membrane surface.…”

Section: Particle Deposition On the Membrane Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of a material balance for particles arriving at the membrane surface, the deposition probability for particles with a diameter of d p can be expressed as [12][13][14]:…”

Section: Particle Deposition On the Membrane Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Particle Fouling in Constant‐Pressure Submerged Membrane Filtration

2010

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Particle fouling in constant pressure submerged membrane filtration is analyzed. A particulate sample, with a wide size distribution ranging from submicron to micron, is filtered using a flat-sheet membrane module. The effects of filtration pressure and aeration conditions on the particle deposition probability, cake properties and filtration flux are discussed. Particle deposition is analyzed theoretically using a force balance model. The particle size distribution in a filter cake is smaller than that in the original suspension and gradually decreases during a filtration. An increase in filtration pressure leads to a higher filtration flux in the early period of filtration; however, after 3000 s the flux gradually approaches a pseudo-steady value. The filtration flux is significantly enhanced by sparging air bubbles. An increase in air volumetric flow rate or a decrease in bubble size leads to a smaller particle size distribution in the cake. The particle deposition probability, cake mass and average specific filtration resistance calculated by using the proposed models agree fairly well with available experimental data.

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“…This load can be an external load or exerted internally by a force acting on all particles within the structure. This "internal collapse" is important in different applications like cake formation of filter deposits [14][15][16], where the compaction force in most situations is the drag force exerted on the grains by the flow which is typically porosity dependent [17]. The structure's own weight leads to compaction of snow after deposition [18] and during aging [19,20], or to sediment compaction [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density profiles of loose and collapsed cohesive granular structures generated by ballistic deposition

Kadau

Herrmann

2011

Phys. Rev. E

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Loose granular structures stabilized against gravity by an effective cohesive force are investigated on a microscopic basis using contact dynamics. We study the influence of the granular Bond number on the density profiles and the generation process of packings, generated by ballistic deposition under gravity. The internal compaction occurs discontinuously in small avalanches and we study their size distribution. We also develop a model explaining the final density profiles based on insight about the collapse of a packing under changes of the Bond number.

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Cake formation in 2‐D cross‐flow filtration

Cited by 71 publications

References 20 publications

Crossflow Filtration: Em-31, WP-2.3.6

Crossflow Filtration: Em-31, WP-2.3.6

Analysis of Particle Fouling in Constant‐Pressure Submerged Membrane Filtration

Density profiles of loose and collapsed cohesive granular structures generated by ballistic deposition

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