Caffeineas a Promising Antifbrotic Agent Against Ccl4-Induced Liver Fibrosis

Abstract

Objective: Hepatic fibrosis is a wound-healing process in the liver with chronic injury and is characterized by an excess production and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Our aim is to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of caffeine against CCL4-induced liver fibrosis in rats and to be compared with the reference standard N-acetylcysteine (NAC).Methods: Rats were divided into 5 groups (n=8), the 1 st group served as normal control, the 2 nd group received corn oil, the 3 rd group is a fibrosis control and the remaining two groups received in addition to CCL4, NAC (150 mg/kg/day) as a reference treatment and caffeine (15 mg/kg/day). At the end of experimental period the following parameters were measured, specific fibrosis biomarkers [hepatic transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) and hepatic hydroxyproline (HYP)], liver function biomarkers [serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total bilirubin and albumin], lipid profile [serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-Ch) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-Ch)], inflammatory biomarkers [serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), hepatic myeloperoxidase (MPO)], oxidative stress biomarkers [hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT)], relative liver body weight and liver histopathological study. Results:Caffeine significantly improved all the aforementioned biochemical parameters and liver sections obtained from this group showed prominent histopathological improvement. Conclusion:Caffeine hepatoprotective effects may be due to modulation of the fibrous scar formation, Improvement of liver function, Antiinflammatory and antioxidant potentials.

Potential Mechanisms Underlying the Role of Coffee in Liver Health

“…[81][82][83]87,88 Also, caffeine decreased MDA (i.e., lipid peroxidation) and increased superoxidase dismutase and glutathione concentration. 81,83,[85][86][87] Gordillo-Bastidas et al treated rats with either bile duct ligation or TAA and discovered that caffeine decreased transcriptional factor Snail-1 (important in the activation of HSCs) and increased Nrf2. 81 Another elegant in vivo/in vitro study suggested that the antifibrogenic activity of caffeine was due to its apoptosis-inducing capacity, 82 as caffeine decreased cell viability, reduced cell adhesion and proliferation, decreased the wound healing capacity, and increased the apoptotic cell count by more than 50%.…”

“…Later, all studies confirmed the antifibrotic properties of caffeine as assessed by histology or liver biochemistry. [79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88] Most studies explained this by the inhibition of TGFβ and the subsequent decreased αSMA and CTGF expression upon caffeine treatment. [81][82][83]87,88 Also, caffeine decreased MDA (i.e., lipid peroxidation) and increased superoxidase dismutase and glutathione concentration.…”

“…[79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88] Most studies explained this by the inhibition of TGFβ and the subsequent decreased αSMA and CTGF expression upon caffeine treatment. [81][82][83]87,88 Also, caffeine decreased MDA (i.e., lipid peroxidation) and increased superoxidase dismutase and glutathione concentration. 81,83,[85][86][87] Gordillo-Bastidas et al treated rats with either bile duct ligation or TAA and discovered that caffeine decreased transcriptional factor Snail-1 (important in the activation of HSCs) and increased Nrf2.…”

Formulation and Stability Assessment of Arabica and Civet Coffee Extracts Based Cosmetic Preparations

“…The results showed that BL was not contaminated with lead, whereas the presence of arsenic and mercury was found in the concentration of about <0. 16 and <0.09 mg/kg, respectively. The HMC has <0.16 mg/kg of arsenic and <0.09-0.28 mg/kg of mercury, while no lead content was detected (Table 4).…”

“…Thus, caffeine and coffee extracts are used in various cosmetic products [9,16,17]. The consumption of coffee has been reported to maintain the level of urine uric acid [18].…”