Caffeine toxicity in starved rats

Peters, Josef M.

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(66)90135-9

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Accordingly, this means that the caffeine concentration in the NaDES 4 extract used for the rat diet was about 1.96 ± 0.32 mg/mL. Thus, ingested caffeine in the rat’s diet (56 mg/kg of rat by day) is below the lethal dose of 367 mg/kg determined in starved or fasted rats. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The elution solvents were (A) water (0.1% acetic acid, v/v) and (B) methanol (0.1% acetic acid, v/v). The gradient elution program was performed as follows (time (min), solvent B (%)): (3,5), (13, 5), (23,100), (33,100), (34,0), (40,0). The flow rate, injection volume, and detection wavelength were 1.0 mL/min, 20 μL, and 327 and 280 nm to detect the CGA and caffeine, respectively.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent Betaine:Glycerol in Rats

Benlebna

Ruesgas‐Ramón

Bonafos

et al. 2018

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) are new natural solvents in green chemistry that in some cases have been shown to allow better extraction of plant bioactive molecules compared to conventional solvents and higher phenolic compound absorption in rodents. However, there is a serious lack of information regarding their in vivo safety. The purpose of this study was to verify the safety of a NaDES (betaine:glycerol (1:2 mole ratio) of water) extract from green coffee beans, rich in polyphenols. Twelve 6-week-old male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups of 6 animals each and twice daily gavaged for 14 days either with 3 mL of water or 3 mL of phenolic NaDES extract. Oral administration of phenolic NaDES extract induced mortality in two rats. In addition, it induced excessive water consumption, reduced dietary intake and weight loss, hepatomegaly, and plasma oxidative stress associated with high blood lipid levels. In conclusion, this work demonstrated the toxicity of oral administration of the selected NaDES under a short-term condition. This occurs despite the fact that this NaDES extract contains polyphenols, whose beneficial effects have been shown. Therefore, complementary work is needed to find the best dose and formulation of NaDES that are safe for the environment and animals and ultimately for humans.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent Betaine:Glycerol in Rats

Benlebna

Ruesgas‐Ramón

Bonafos

et al. 2018

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Caffeine (185 mg per kg for 14 days) was found to be more toxic in older than younger rats and more toxic in males than in female rats (Peters and Boyd 1967a). When food intake was reduced in similar experiments to less than half of normal, caffeine toxicity markedly increased (Peters 1966). Both warming and cooling appeared to increase the toxicity of caffeine in mice (Muller and Vernikos-Danellis 1970).…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pharmacology and Toxicology of Caffeine

Lachance

1982

Journal of Food Safety

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The widespread use of caffeine is most commonly linked to the stimulatory action it has on the central nervous system. Generally, adverse effects include gastrorrhea, insomnia, and diuresis. Tolerance and withdrawal symptoms have been observed and excessive consumption can lead to an anxiety neurosis condition (caffeinism). The actions of caffeine may involve its effects on neurotransmitter turnover and metabolism; its promotion of the cellular messenger, cAMP; its sensitization of the calcium releasing mechanisms of cellular reticulum; or its antagonism of the autacoid, adenosine. Caffeine lethality is rare in man but caffeine poisoning with its gastrointestinal, CNS, and cardiovascular stimulation could especially be hazardous to children. Most of the mutagenicity work has been performed in organisms whose cellular DNA synthesis and repair mechanism vary significantly from those found in man. The work in human cell lines suggests that caffeine‐induced chromosomal breakage, with its lack of chromatid exchange would promote cell lethality, not muta‐genticity. Nothing but circumstantial evidence implicates caffeine as a human carcinogen or teratogen. Involvement of caffeine as a cocarcinogen or a coteratogen (which includes effects on gamete production or fetal development) appears far more likely, but neither has even begun to be truly evaluated. Basic metabolism of caffeine involves the processes of N‐demethylation, hydration, and oxidation; and most likely requires the cytochrome P1‐450 system. Though various metabolites of caffeine are pharmacologically active, the extent of involvement of individual metabolites in the pharmacological or toxicological responses of caffeine in man is still unknown.

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“…Types of stresses used have ranged from crowding (6), starvation (17), and high altitude (2), to dehydration (16). Variation in environmental temperature (5,9,11,13,16) has probably been the most commonly used environmental stress in the study o f drug action, although in most cases the changes in temperatures used have been drastic (4 -3 7 °C).…”

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confidence: 99%

Stress Modification of the Toxicity of Antimotion Sickness Drugs and Aspirin

et al. 1975

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The effect of environmental temperature on the toxicity of cyclizine, tri-methobenzamide, and Aspirin® were studied in mice. LD₅₀s were compared at 30 °C (warm), 22 °C (normal), and 15 °C (cool). At 30 °C the toxicity of all three drugs increased, with that to aspirin being affected most. Cooling decreased the toxicity of cyclizine and had no significant effect on that of trimethobenzamide or Aspirin®. These findings indicate that alterations in environmental temperature markedly affect drug toxicity. They emphasize that such alterations, and particularly increases in temperature, do not have to be particularly drastic, but that ‘mild’ variations in the environment are effective in altering an animal’s sensitivity to a drug.

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Caffeine toxicity in starved rats

Cited by 21 publications

References 2 publications

Toxicity of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent Betaine:Glycerol in Rats

Toxicity of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent Betaine:Glycerol in Rats

The Pharmacology and Toxicology of Caffeine

Stress Modification of the Toxicity of Antimotion Sickness Drugs and Aspirin

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