Caffeine metabolism by Penicillium roqueforti

Schwimmer, Sigmund; Kurtzman, R. H.; Heftmanń, Erich

doi:10.1016/0003-9861(71)90315-8

Cited by 42 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, details of theophylline metabolism in these Pseudomonas isolates were not elucidated. In contrast, caffeine catabolism in plant species and in caffeine-degrading fungi has been reported to proceed via theophylline, which is further degraded by N demethylation to 3-methylxanthine (7,10,16). CBB5 metabolized theophylline by a previously unknown N-demethylation pathway, forming 1-methylxanthine and 3-methylxanthine (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Distinct Pathways for Metabolism of Theophylline and Caffeine Are Coexpressed in Pseudomonas putida CBB5

Louie

Summers

et al. 2009

J Bacteriol

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Pseudomonas putida CBB5 was isolated from soil by enrichment on caffeine. This strain used not only caffeine, theobromine, paraxanthine, and 7-methylxanthine as sole carbon and nitrogen sources but also theophylline and 3-methylxanthine. Analyses of metabolites in spent media and resting cell suspensions confirmed that CBB5 initially N demethylated theophylline via a hitherto unreported pathway to 1-and 3-methylxanthines. NAD(P)H-dependent conversion of theophylline to 1-and 3-methylxanthines was also detected in the crude cell extracts of theophylline-grown CBB5. 1-Methylxanthine and 3-methylxanthine were subsequently N demethylated to xanthine. CBB5 also oxidized theophylline and 1-and 3-methylxanthines to 1,3-dimethyluric acid and 1-and 3-methyluric acids, respectively. However, these methyluric acids were not metabolized further. A broad-substrate-range xanthine-oxidizing enzyme was responsible for the formation of these methyluric acids. In contrast, CBB5 metabolized caffeine to theobromine (major metabolite) and paraxanthine (minor metabolite). These dimethylxanthines were further N demethylated to xanthine via 7-methylxanthine. Theobromine-, paraxanthine-, and 7-methylxanthine-grown cells also metabolized all of the methylxanthines mentioned above via the same pathway. Thus, the theophylline and caffeine N-demethylation pathways converged at xanthine via different methylxanthine intermediates. Xanthine was eventually oxidized to uric acid. Enzymes involved in theophylline and caffeine degradation were coexpressed when CBB5 was grown on theophylline or on caffeine or its metabolites. However, 3-methylxanthine-grown CBB5 cells did not metabolize caffeine, whereas theophylline was metabolized at much reduced levels to only methyluric acids. To our knowledge, this is the first report of theophylline N demethylation and coexpression of distinct pathways for caffeine and theophylline degradation in bacteria.Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) and related methylxanthines are widely distributed in many plant species. Caffeine is also a major human dietary ingredient that can be found in common beverages and food products, such as coffee, tea, and chocolates. In pharmaceuticals, caffeine is used generally as a cardiac, neurological, and respiratory stimulant, as well as a diuretic (3). Hence, caffeine and related methylxanthines enter soil and water easily through decomposed plant materials and other means, such as effluents from coffee-and tea-processing facilities. Therefore, it is not surprising that microorganisms capable of degrading caffeine have been isolated from various natural environments, with or without enrichment procedures (3, 10). Bacteria use oxidative and N-demethylating pathways for catabolism of caffeine. Oxidation of caffeine by a Rhodococcus sp.-Klebsiella sp. mixed-culture consortium at the C-8 position to form 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid (TMU) has been reported (8). An 85-kDa, flavin-containing caffeine oxidase was purified from this consortium (9). Also, Mohapatra et al. (12) purified a 65-kDa...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Distinct Pathways for Metabolism of Theophylline and Caffeine Are Coexpressed in Pseudomonas putida CBB5

Louie

Summers

et al. 2009

J Bacteriol

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“…A complete degradation of the substrates was observed, but no intermediates were detected (292). Theophylline formation from caffeine was observed in studies with P. roqueforti (468). Adenine Adenine deaminase (adenine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.2), which converts adenine to hypoxanthine and ammonia ( Fig.…”

Section: Aerobic Degradation Of Purinesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Degradation of purines and pyrimidines by microorganisms.

Vogels¹,

Drift²

1976

Bacteriological Reviews

373

192

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“…Such a system would also prove useful in the detoxification of by-products of the coffee industry as, at present, coffee pulp despite high levels of carbohydrates and proteins is rendered useless as an animal feed because of its high caffeine content (Sideso et al, 2001). The microbial degradation of caffeine has been reported in fungi (Schwimmer et al, 1971;Hakil et al, 1999), yeast (Sauer et al, 1982) and bacteria (Komeda and Yamada, 1993). In a study conducted by Yamaoka-Yano et al (1999) using C 14 -labelled caffeine has indicated that Pseudomonas putida demethylates caffeine sequentially by removing methyl groups rather than simultaneously demethylating.…”

Section: Sds-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Endogenous Sugars, Chlorogenic Acid and Caffeine Associated with Direct Somatic Embryogenesis of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.)

Isutsa

Mayoli

Nyende

et al. 2018

JAA

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Coffee is one of the most important cash crops cultivated in the world with great economic importance. During the induction of somatic embryogenesis, there are different endogenous compounds involved in the success or failure of the somatic embryogenesis response and these compounds determine the specificity of cellular responses. This present experiment identified and quantified endogenous sugars, chlorogenic acid and caffeine present during somatic embryogenesis of ‘Ruiru 11’. Laboratory experiments were set up at Coffee Research Institute, Ruiru-Kenya between 2014 and 2016. Third leaf pair explants were excised from 8-monthold greenhouse-grown mother plants and cultured in half strength Murashige and Skoog basal salts augmented with Thidiazuron. Once embryos had developed, the cultures were analysed for endogenous sugars, caffeine and chlorogenic acid using HPLC. Generally, green embryogenic cultures contained more and higher quantities of the compounds. Glucose and fructose were highest (38.95 mg/g and 45.43 mg/g respectively) in leaf discs of brown non-embryogenic cultures. Sucrose was highest (62.15 mg/g) in embryos of green embryogenic cultures. Embryos of green embryogenic cultures had the highest chlorogenic acid (5.3 mg/g), whereas caffeine was highest (0.55 mg/g) in embryos of brown embryogenic cultures. Endogenous fructose and glucose inhibited embryogenesis, while sucrose, chlorogenic acids and caffeine promoted embryogenesis and are potential biomarkers for embryogenesis. Other biochemical compounds such as organic acids should be identified and their role in coffee somatic embryogenesis determined.

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Caffeine metabolism by Penicillium roqueforti

Cited by 42 publications

References 10 publications

Two Distinct Pathways for Metabolism of Theophylline and Caffeine Are Coexpressed in Pseudomonas putida CBB5

Two Distinct Pathways for Metabolism of Theophylline and Caffeine Are Coexpressed in Pseudomonas putida CBB5

Degradation of purines and pyrimidines by microorganisms.

Evaluation of Endogenous Sugars, Chlorogenic Acid and Caffeine Associated with Direct Somatic Embryogenesis of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.)

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