Caffeine content of energy drinks marketed in Brazil

Costa, Bruno Ruiz Brandão da; Haddad, Lohanna Pereira El; Martinis, Bruno Spinosa De

doi:10.1002/dta.3323

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Due to the similarity in caffeine contents between different energy drinks, the values are provided as a general measure for all energy drinks (mean caffeine content: 30 mg/100 mL). In a study that quantified caffeine in 37 energy drinks sold in Brazil, and whose data were included in the BraCaffT, no energy drink exceeded the stipulated safety limits for caffeine (400 mg/day) according to the portions indicated on the labels [ 47 ]. However, the authors warned that consumers of energy drinks should avoid consumption of several doses in short periods of time and emphasized that consumption by children and adolescents is discouraged by health authorities [ 12 , 15 , 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Caffeine Content Table for Foods, Drinks, Medications and Supplements Typically Consumed by the Brazilian Population

et al. 2022

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Background: The lack of a national table informing the caffeine contents in foods, drinks, dietary supplements, and medications sold in Brazil added to the noncompulsory disclosure of caffeine contents on labels of food products makes it difficult to estimate caffeine consumption in the Brazilian population. Therefore, this study aimed to develop the Brazilian Caffeine Content Table (BraCaffT). Methods: A systematic search for caffeine levels in foods, drinks, recipes, supplements, and medications was performed through a literature review, afterward collecting data from the United States Department of Agriculture Food Data Central, information from manufacturers’ and websites, and the Brazilian official medication guide. Subsequently, data systematization was performed in a spreadsheet with standardized values presented in mg of caffeine per 100 g or 100 mL of food or drink and a capsule or pill for medications and some dietary supplements. Results: The BraCaffT presents 57 items, divided into 11 categories: coffees, teas and infusions, cocoa powder, chocolates, cocoa-based beverages, desserts, soft drinks, energy drinks, guaraná powder, dietary supplements, and medications. Conclusions: The BraCaffT emerges as an instrument of great relevance and wide applicability in clinical contexts, in academic research, and as a database for the Brazilian population to better understand the amounts of caffeine in foods, drinks, dietary supplements, and medications consumed daily favoring a safe intake.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Caffeine Content Table for Foods, Drinks, Medications and Supplements Typically Consumed by the Brazilian Population

et al. 2022

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“…Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) generates multisystemic effects not only in the central nervous system (CNS) but also in the respiratory, renal, endocrine, urinary, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Caffeine, in the CNS, behaves as an antagonist of adenosine A1, A2A and A2B receptors, producing a mild excitatory effect [ 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine, D-glucuronolactone and Taurine Content in Energy Drinks: Exposure and Risk Assessment

et al. 2022

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The consumption of energy drinks (EDs) is increasing globally while the evidence and concern about the potential health risks are also growing. Caffeine (generally 32 mg/100 mL) together with a wide variety of other active components such as taurine (usually 4000 mg/L) and D-glucuronolactone (generally 2400 mg/L) are the main ingredients of EDs. This study aims to assess the exposures to caffeine, taurine and D-glucuronolactone from EDs in various consumption scenarios and consumer profiles and to characterize the risks by evaluating caffeine and taurine intakes with their reference values and by calculating the margin of safety (MOS) for D-glucuronolactone. While the exposure assessment results showed that caffeine intakes from EDs ranged from 80 to 160 mg (1.14–4 mg/kg b.w.) for the considered scenarios, the risk characterization estimated some risks that could be managed with consumption recommendations such as limiting EDs in 40, 60 and 80 kg b.w. consumers to 175, 262.5 and 350 mL, respectively, to prevent sleep disturbances and to 375, 562.5 and 750 mL to prevent general caffeine adverse health risks, respectively. Dietary exposure to D-glucuronolactone from EDs ranged from 600 to 1200 mg (7.5–30 mg/kg b.w.). As D-glucuronolactone MOS ≥ 100 is only observed when EDs consumption is limited to 250 mL, for individuals weighing above 60 kg, some risks were observed in some of the studied scenarios. A taurine exposure from EDs varied from 1000 to 2000 mg (12.5–50 mg/kg b.w.) and consumptions over 500 mL were estimated to generate intakes above the reference value. In conclusion, the management of these risks requires a European legal framework for EDs with maximum limits for the active components, volume size limitations and labeling improvements along with the development of education and awareness programs and risk communication actions in collaboration with the industry and society.

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Caffeine content of energy drinks marketed in Brazil

Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

Development of a Caffeine Content Table for Foods, Drinks, Medications and Supplements Typically Consumed by the Brazilian Population

Development of a Caffeine Content Table for Foods, Drinks, Medications and Supplements Typically Consumed by the Brazilian Population

Caffeine, D-glucuronolactone and Taurine Content in Energy Drinks: Exposure and Risk Assessment

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