Caffeine-Containing Energy Shots Cause Acute Impaired Glucoregulation in Adolescents

Shearer, Jane; Reimer, Raylene A.; Hittel, Dustin S.; Gault, Mackenzie A; Vogel, Hans J.; Klein, Matthias S.

doi:10.3390/nu12123850

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…However, the presence of young subjects and the two-year period of observation seem to be inadequate to develop such metabolic disorders. On the contrary, Shearer et al [ 70 ] presented that caffeinated beverages could cause acute, transient insulin resistance in healthy adolescents. Moreover, ED consumers were also more likely to consume highly energy-dense fast foods and spend more than 6 h in front of a screen, which may result in an increased risk of being overweight or obese among adolescents [ 71 ].…”

Section: Alarming Effects Associated With Energy Drink Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Energy Drink Consumption on Physical Performance and Potential Danger of Inordinate Usage

et al. 2021

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The rise in energy drink (ED) intake in the general population and athletes has been achieved with smart and effective marketing strategies. There is a robust base of evidence showing that adolescents are the main consumers of EDs. The prevalence of ED usage in this group ranges from 52% to 68%, whilst in adults is estimated at 32%. The compositions of EDs vary widely. Caffeine content can range from 75 to 240 mg, whereas the average taurine quantity is 342.28 mg/100 mL. Unfortunately, exact amounts of the other ED elements are often not disclosed by manufacturers. Caffeine and taurine in doses 3–6 mg/kg and 1–6 g, respectively, appear to be the main ergogenic elements. However, additive or synergic properties between them seem to be implausible. Because of non-unified protocol design, presented studies show inconsistency between ED ingestion and improved physical performance. Potential side effects caused by abusive consumption or missed contraindications are the aspects that are the most often overlooked by consumers and not fully elucidated by ED producers. In this review, the authors aimed to present the latest scientific information on ED components and their possible impact on improving physical performance as well as to bring emphasis to the danger of inordinate consumption.

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Section: Alarming Effects Associated With Energy Drink Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Energy Drink Consumption on Physical Performance and Potential Danger of Inordinate Usage

et al. 2021

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“…To date, no other studies have explored the influence of ED on glycemic control in adolescents. One study found impaired glucoregulation, characterized by hyperinsulinemia, in healthy adolescents after consuming energy shots [24]. Yet, it must be emphasized that EDs and energy shots are distinctly different.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Impacts of Energy Drink Consumption: A Clinical Analysis in Adolescents

Naveh,

Mansour,

Bader

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Energy drink (ED) consumption among Israeli-Arab adolescents is widespread. This study aimed to investigate the acute glycemic and insulin effects of EDs in healthy adolescents. Seventy-one Israeli-Arab adolescents (56% girls, average age 16.04±1.03 years) participated in a non-randomized, case-controlled, open-label study. Participants consumed ED (n=36) or a volume- and carbohydrate-matched non-caffeinated soft drink (SD, n=35), followed by a 2 h glucose tolerance test. Blood glucose was measured at baseline and 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes post-consumption (T0, T15, T30, T60 and T120, respectively). Serum insulin concentration and caffeine relative intensity were determined 45 minutes post-consumption (T45). Blood glucose levels peaked significantly at T15 and remained significantly higher at T30 in the ED group compared to the SD group (p=0.005, p=0.017, respectively). Insulin concentrations were substantially higher at T45 in the ED group (t[64]=2.794, p=0.001). This pattern was especially prominent in heavy ED consumers. A positive correlation emerged between the amount of caffeine consumed (mg/kg), blood glucose levels at T15 and T30, and insulin concentration at T45. This study is the first to demonstrate the glycemic and insulin responses to ED consumption in adolescents, suggesting that regulatory measures limiting ED sales to adolescents could improve their health.

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“…Caffeine also inhibits the actions of adenosine leading to a rise in neurotransmitters, such as epinephrine and activation of the sympathetic nervous system causing pupil dilation, which brings about an increase in spherical aberration and retinal illumination changes. 24 Additives, such as guarana, further increase the caffeine content of energy drinks, 12 and there are also large amounts of various sugars present in energy drinks, which can lead to increased plasma glucose concentrations 25 and visual changes. Subsequently, Abokyi et al 14 identified the need for further studies on vision itself, highlighting that pupil size and accommodation are not the only determinants in retinal image formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The short-term effects of energy drinks on near visual performance

Hansraj

Xulu-Kasaba

Tini

et al. 2022

Afr. vis. eye health

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Caffeine is the main constituent in energy drinks, and therefore, remains the most widely studied energy drink ingredient. 9 Most energy drinks have a caffeine content of 50 mg -550 mg per can and/or bottle depending on the brand. 2 Glade, 10 following a detailed literature review of the beneficial effects of caffeine on human physiological systems, reported that caffeine decreases fatigue, enhances physical and cognitive performance, increases alertness, decreases mental fatigue and enhances short-term memory. These may be some reasons for its popularity particularly with young adults and anecdotally more particularly at stressful times such as during examinations. Research, however, has also shown many potential adverse effects resulting from the consumption of large amounts of caffeine. Excessive caffeine consumption has been linked to acute and chronic headaches caused by hyper excitability of cortical cells, 11 as well as irregular Background: Energy drinks have gained popularity amongst young adults in recent years. Widespread effects of its main ingredient caffeine have been observed on the nervous system; however, little is known about the effects of these drinks on the visual system.Aim: This research study investigated the effects of a chosen energy drink on near vision and near contrast sensitivity.Setting: The data were collected at a university optometry clinic in south eastern South Africa.Methods: A single-blinded, crossover study was conducted on 56 healthy subjects aged 18-30 years. Subjects were randomised, such that they consumed either the energy drink reboost or water (control) on separate days. Near visual acuity was measured using a near Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (LogMAR) chart and contrast sensitivity using the MARS contrast sensitivity test. Near visual acuity and contrast sensitivity measurements were taken at baseline and again at 30 min, 60 min and 90 min intervals, following consumption. Data were analysed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and univariate analysis.Results: Both near visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, post-energy drink consumption, showed a marginal increase over the testing period. Near visual acuity increased from -0.13 LogMAR at baseline to -0.17 LogMAR at 90 min. Contrast sensitivity increased from 1.77 log units at 30 min to 1.78 log units at 90 min similar to that observed with the control. In both cases; however, the changes were neither statistically (p > 0.05) nor clinically significant. Conclusion:The energy drink reboost had no short-term effect on near vision performance as measured with near visual acuity and contrast sensitivity.

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Caffeine-Containing Energy Shots Cause Acute Impaired Glucoregulation in Adolescents

Cited by 10 publications

References 49 publications

Effects of Energy Drink Consumption on Physical Performance and Potential Danger of Inordinate Usage

Effects of Energy Drink Consumption on Physical Performance and Potential Danger of Inordinate Usage

Physiological Impacts of Energy Drink Consumption: A Clinical Analysis in Adolescents

The short-term effects of energy drinks on near visual performance

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