Caffeine and Energy Drinks

Hoffman, Jay R.

doi:10.1519/ssc.0b013e3181bdafa0

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Thermogenic supplement use has increased in popularity in recent years primarily as an approach to increase energy, mental acuity, reduce body fat, and augment athletic performance (Hoffman, ). In particular, thermogenic ingredients are commonly found in “energy drinks,” which is one of the most commonly consumed class of supplements next to multivitamins and minerals (Hoffman, ). Two compounds regularly contained in these supplements are p ‐synephrine and caffeine (Haller, Benowitz, & Jacob, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute cardiovascular effects of bitter orange extract (p‐synephrine) consumed alone and in combination with caffeine in human subjects: A placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study

Ratamess

Bush

Stohs

et al. 2017

Phytotherapy Research

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The purpose was to examine cardiovascular responses to supplementation with p-synephrine alone and in combination with caffeine during quiet sitting. Sixteen subjects were given (in double-blind manner) either 103 mg of p-synephrine (S), 233 mg of caffeine +104 mg of p-synephrine (LC + S), 240 mg of caffeine (LC), 337 mg of caffeine +46 mg of p-synephrine (HC + S), 325 mg of caffeine (HC), or a placebo. The subjects sat quietly for 3 hr while heart rate (HR) and blood pressure were measured. Only HC + S and HC significantly increased mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) during the second hour and tended to increase mean SBP during the third hour. Mean diastolic blood pressure in S was significantly lower than the other trials during the first and second hours, and mean arterial pressure was significantly lower in S compared to the LC, LC + S, HC, and HC + S trials. No differences were observed in HR. Consumption of p-synephrine may acutely reduce diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure and not affect SBP or HR during quiet sitting. The addition of p-synephrine to caffeine did not augment SBP or HR indicating that consumption of up to 104 mg of p-synephrine does not induce cardiovascular stress during quiet sitting.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute cardiovascular effects of bitter orange extract (p‐synephrine) consumed alone and in combination with caffeine in human subjects: A placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study

Ratamess

Bush

Stohs

et al. 2017

Phytotherapy Research

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“…It is common for athletes to consume energy drinks prior to athletic competition (Hoffman 2010), yet it is unresolved whether this is an effective strategy to increase performance, especially in activities requiring speed and agility. It was hypothesized that acute Red Bull ingestion will improve repeated sprint performance versus placebo, but have no effect on RPE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of red bull energy drink on repeated sprint performance in women athletes

et al. 2011

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Energy drinks are frequently consumed by athletes prior to competition to improve performance. This study examined the effect of Red Bull™ on repeated sprint performance in women athletes. Fifteen collegiate soccer players participated, with mean age, height, and body mass equal to 19.5±1.1 year, 168.4±5.8 cm, and 63.4±6.1 kg, respectively. After performing a familiarization trial, subjects performed three sets of eight bouts of the modified t test after ingestion of 255 mL of placebo or Red Bull 1 h pre-exercise in a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design. Throughout testing, sprint time, heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were continuously obtained. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine differences in variables between drink conditions. Across athletes, t test time ranged from 10.4 to 12.7 s. Mean sprint time was similar (p>0.05) between Red Bull (11.31±0.61 s) and placebo (11.35±0.61 s). HR and RPE increased (p<0.05) during the bouts, but there was no effect (p>0.05) of Red Bull on either variable versus placebo. Findings indicate that 255 mL of Red Bull containing 1.3 mg/kg of caffeine and 1 g of taurine does not alter repeated sprint performance, RPE, or HR in women athletes versus placebo. One serving of this energy drink provides no ergogenic benefit for women athletes engaging in sprint-based exercise.

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“…Popular energy drinks contain 80 mg of caffeine and 1g of taurine in a 250 mL can (providing a dose of ∼1 mg/kg caffeine and ~ 12.5 mg/kg taurine, in a 80 kg person) (42). Energy drinks are one of the most popular supplements among athletes (15,49) with a consumption prevalence of 73% in American college athletes (25) and 42% in British elite athletes (37). Many of these athletes take part in multiple sprint sports and will consume energy drinks based on their purported ergogenic effects (49).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Drink Doses of Caffeine and Taurine Have a Null or Negative Effect on Sprint Performance

Jeffries

Hill

Patterson

et al. 2020

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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This study investigated the effects of caffeine and taurine co-ingestion on repeat-sprint cycling performance and associated physiological and perceptual responses. In a double blind, cross-over, repeated measures study, 11 male participants (age 21 ± 2 years; stature 178 ± 7 cm; body mass 80 ± 13 kg) completed 10 x 6-s sprints on a cycle ergometer, each separated by 24-s, an hour after ingesting: caffeine (80 mg) and taurine (1 g), equivalent to the amount observed in popular commercial energy drinks, or placebo (maltodextrin ∼1 g) in a gelatine capsule. Performance was measured on a cycle ergometer, whilst blood lactate concentration (B[la]), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate (HR) were measured at baseline (pre-exercise) and after sprints 5 and 10. Magnitude-based inferences revealed likely, trivial differences in peak power and unclear, trivial inter-sprint fatigue index after ingestion of the caffeine and taurine supplement. Intra-sprint fatigue was greater in the caffeine and taurine condition at sprint 10 (likely, small) and possibly smaller in sprints 6-9. The caffeine and taurine supplement had a likely large effect on HR at baseline (ES = 0.94) and increases in B[la] after sprint 5 (likely small) and 10 (possibly small). There was no effect of the supplement on RPE (unclear, trivial). Administration of caffeine and taurine at doses equivalent to commercial energy drinks did not improve repeat-sprint cycling performance and appeared to induce greater fatigue within selected sprints, particularly at the end of the trial. This undesirable performance effect occurs in parallel with increased HR and glycolytic metabolic bi-products.

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Caffeine and Energy Drinks

Cited by 37 publications

References 52 publications

Acute cardiovascular effects of bitter orange extract (p‐synephrine) consumed alone and in combination with caffeine in human subjects: A placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study

Acute cardiovascular effects of bitter orange extract (p‐synephrine) consumed alone and in combination with caffeine in human subjects: A placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study

Effects of red bull energy drink on repeated sprint performance in women athletes

Energy Drink Doses of Caffeine and Taurine Have a Null or Negative Effect on Sprint Performance

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