Caesarean delivery is associated with childhood general obesity but not abdominal obesity in <scp>I</scp>ranian elementary school children

Salehi‐Abargouei, Amin; Shiranian, Afshin; Ehsani, Simin; Surkan, Pamela J.; Esmaillzadeh, Ahmad

doi:10.1111/apa.12711

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The findings of our study were in accordance with other studies which controlled maternal BMI [16] and socioeconomic status [17, 29]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In addition, our study is lacking information on antibiotics use during pregnancy as potential confounder; it has been observed that maternal exposure to antibiotics in second or third trimester of pregnancy increased the risk of childhood obesity at age 7 years [19]. However, this limitation is shared with other studies which reported significant association between delivery mode and overweight or obesity [9, 17, 20]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In 2014, Salehi-Abargouei et al [17] reported statistically significant risk of general obesity (OR: 2.46 and 95 % CI 1.30–4.63 in children 6–12 years). Rooney et al [18] reported statistically significant risk of childhood obesity (RR: 2.94 and 95 % CI 1.36–6.34 in children 4–5 years).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cesarean section may increase the risk of both overweight and obesity in preschool children

Rutayisire

Huang

et al. 2016

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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BackgroundThe increase rates of cesarean section (CS) occurred at the same period as the dramatic increase of childhood overweight/obesity. In China, cesarean section rates have exponentially increased in the last 20 years and they now exceed World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation. Such high rates demand an understanding to the long-term consequences on child health. We aim to examine the association between CS and risk of overweight and obesity among preschool children.MethodWe recruited 9103 children from 35 kindergartens in 4 cities located in East China. Children anthropometric measurements were taken in person by trained personnel. The mode of delivery was classified as vaginal or CS, in sub-analyses we divided cesarean delivery into elective or non-elective. The mode of delivery and other parental information were self-reported by parents. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations.ResultsIn our cross-sectional study of 8900 preschool children aged 3–6 years, 67.3 % were born via CS, of whom 15.7 % were obese. Cesarean delivery was significantly associated with the risk of overweight [OR 1.24; (95 % CI 1.07–1.44); p = 0.003], and the risk of obesity [OR 1.29; (95 % CI 1.13–1.49); p < 0.001] in preschool children. After adjusted for child characteristics, parental factors and family income, the odd of overweight was 1.35 and of obesity was 1.25 in children delivered by elective CS.ConclusionThe associations between CS and overweight/obesity in preschool children are influenced by potential confounders. Both children delivered by elective or non-elective CS are at increased risk of overweight/obesity. Potential consequences of CS on the health of the children should be discussed among both health care professionals and childbearing women.

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“…The findings of our study were in accordance with other studies which controlled maternal BMI [16] and socioeconomic status [17, 29]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cesarean section may increase the risk of both overweight and obesity in preschool children

Rutayisire

Huang

et al. 2016

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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“…The selection process of participants is completely described elsewhere [18]. After exclusion of participants with special dietary restrictions, prohibition or restriction of food intake in the previous year ( n = 50), congenital diseases ( n = 2), and not having complete data on food insecurity, anthropometric measures, or covariates ( n = 332), 587 participants remained for the current analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household food insecurity is associated with abdominal but not general obesity among Iranian children

et al. 2017

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BackgroundChildhood obesity is increasing all over the world. Food insecurity is mentioned as a possible risk factor; however, previous studies have led to inconsistent results in different societies while data are lacking for the Middle East. We aimed to investigate the relationship between food insecurity and general or abdominal obesity in Iranian children in a cross-sectional study.MethodsAnthropometric data including height, weight, and waist circumference were measured by trained nutritionists. General and abdominal obesity were defined based on world health organization (WHO) and Iranian reference curves for age and gender, respectively. Radimer/Cornell food security questionnaire was filled by parents. Data about the physical activity of participants, family socio-economic status, parental obesity and data about perinatal period were also gathered using self-administered questionnaires. Logistic regression was incorporated to investigate the association between food insecurity and obesity in crude and multi-variable adjusted models.ResultsA total of 587 children aged 9.30 ± 1.49 years had complete data for analysis. Food insecurity at household level was significantly associated with abdominal obesity (odds ratio (OR) = 1.54; confidence interval (CI):1.01–2.34, p <0.05) and the relationship remained significant after adjusting for all potential confounding variables (OR = 2.02; CI:1.01–4.03, p <0.05). Food insecurity was associated with general obesity neither in crude analysis and multi-variable adjusted models.ConclusionsThe slight levels of food insecurity might increase the likelihood of abdominal obesity in Iranian children and macroeconomic policies to improve the food security are necessary. Large-scale prospective studies, particularly in the Middle East, are highly recommended to confirm our results.

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“…There are few studies that report on motor development outcomes in children born from Caesarean section birth. As previously identified by Hands and colleagues, there is some evidence of lower intellectual outcomes and more recent research has reported higher levels of adiposity in children born via Caesarean from infancy to adolescence . The incidence of asthma and allergies in children born via Caesarean has been scrutinised by several international studies with varying results .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Early life events and motor development in childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal study

et al. 2016

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Caesarean delivery is associated with childhood general obesity but not abdominal obesity in Iranian elementary school children

Abstract: Our results suggest that Caesarean delivery is adversely associated with general childhood obesity, but not abdominal obesity. This provides support for recommending vaginal births, unless contraindicated. Further research in large populations is required to confirm these findings.

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Cesarean section may increase the risk of both overweight and obesity in preschool children

Cesarean section may increase the risk of both overweight and obesity in preschool children

Household food insecurity is associated with abdominal but not general obesity among Iranian children

Early life events and motor development in childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal study

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