Caenorhabditis-in-Drop Array for Monitoring<i>C. elegans</i>Quiescent Behavior

Belfer, Samuel J.; Chuang, Huey-Ru; Freedman, Benjamin L.; Yuan, Jinzhou; Norton, Michael M.; Bau, Haim H.; Raizen, David M.

doi:10.5665/sleep.2628

Cited by 38 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(44 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The signaling pathways investigated here, as well as other previously identified regulators of DTQ Singh et al, 2011;Belfer et al, 2013;Choi et al, 2013;Driver et al, 2013;Iwanir et al, 2013;Nagy et al, 2013;Nelson et al, 2013;Schwarz and Bringmann, 2013;Turek et al, 2013;Nagy et al, 2014;Singh et al, 2014;Choi et al, 2015) and SIQ (Hill et al, 2014;, are found in many cell and neuron types and are highly conserved. These pathways have been implicated in sleep regulation in a variety of species (Allada and Siegel, 2008;Crocker and Sehgal, 2010), but their ubiquitous expression patterns have made identification of specific cellular and circuit functions for these pathways challenging (but see Crocker et al, 2010).…”

Section: Why Is Quiescence During Dtq and Siq Engaged Differently?mentioning

confidence: 61%

“…We focused in particular on strains with increased neurotransmitter release due to increased G␣q and G␣s signaling (Fig. 2, adapted from Perez-Mansilla and Nurrish, 2009), since these mutants show hyperactive locomotion and some have defects in DTQ locomotion quiescence (Belfer et al, 2013;Iwanir et al, 2013;Schwarz and Bringmann, 2013;Singh et al, 2014), and therefore they might be resistant to the effects of somnogenic neuropeptides.…”

Section: Activation Of the G␣q Or G␣s Pathways Inhibits Both Flp-13-amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several mutants have been described with impaired locomotion quiescence throughout DTQ Singh et al, 2011;Belfer et al, 2013;Choi et al, 2013;Nelson et al, 2013;Schwarz and Bringmann, 2013;Turek et al, 2013;Singh et al, 2014) and DTQ locomotion quiescence can be reduced by mechanical stimulation Driver et al, 2013;Nagy et al, 2014). However, mutations that suppress locomotion quiescence do not appear to affect feeding quiescence because no mutant has been described to feed throughout DTQ.…”

Section: Why Is Quiescence During Dtq and Siq Engaged Differently?mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Distinct Mechanisms Underlie Quiescence during TwoCaenorhabditis elegansSleep-Like States

Trojanowski

Nelson²,

Flavell

et al. 2015

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electrophysiological recordings have enabled identification of physiologically distinct yet behaviorally similar states of mammalian sleep. In contrast, sleep in nonmammals has generally been identified behaviorally and therefore regarded as a physiologically uniform state characterized by quiescence of feeding and locomotion, reduced responsiveness, and rapid reversibility. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans displays sleep-like quiescent behavior under two conditions: developmentally timed quiescence (DTQ) occurs during larval transitions, and stress-induced quiescence (SIQ) occurs in response to exposure to cellular stressors. Behaviorally, DTQ and SIQ appear identical. Here, we use optogenetic manipulations of neuronal and muscular activity, pharmacology, and genetic perturbations to uncover circuit and molecular mechanisms of DTQ and SIQ. We find that locomotion quiescence induced by DTQ-and SIQ-associated neuropeptides occurs via their action on the nervous system, although their neuronal target(s) and/or molecular mechanisms likely differ. Feeding quiescence during DTQ results from a loss of pharyngeal muscle excitability, whereas feeding quiescence during SIQ results from a loss of excitability in the nervous system. Together these results indicate that, as in mammals, quiescence is subserved by different mechanisms during distinct sleep-like states in C. elegans.

show abstract

Section: Why Is Quiescence During Dtq and Siq Engaged Differently?mentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Activation Of the G␣q Or G␣s Pathways Inhibits Both Flp-13-amentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Why Is Quiescence During Dtq and Siq Engaged Differently?mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Distinct Mechanisms Underlie Quiescence during TwoCaenorhabditis elegansSleep-Like States

Trojanowski

Nelson²,

Flavell

et al. 2015

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ostriches have been behaviorally and electrophysiologically evaluated in their natural habitat [114] as have rain-forest-dwelling sloths [115]. Technical improvements in tracking Drosophila activity utilizing green fluorescent protein with three-dimensional (3-D) video monitoring hold promise for more refined analyses of behavior, and a new technique utilizing an array of aqueous droplets, rather than an agar surface, for studies in the roundworm, C. elegans, suggests a more efficient technique for evaluation of manipulations [116,117].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny in Sleep Medicine

Hartse¹

2015

Sleep Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The "witchery of sleep" has historically been a topic of inquiry for many diverse scientific disciplines as well as a source of personal fascination for most people.The cry for sleep is ever greater than the cry for bread. Existence depends on both; but we eat to sleep, while we sleep to live. Sleep is of far greater importance than food for the preservation of life. [1, p. 21] This mysterious brew of an as-yet-undeciphered formula of genetic, electrophysiological, psychological, neurochemical, and molecular events has been implicated in determining mortality and morbidity; in affecting mental and physical health; and in altering memory, cognition, and quality of life. The study of sleep, once confined almost exclusively to the scientific laboratory, has cultivated an entire specialized field of sleep disorders medicine. However, despite dramatic increases in knowledge about basic sleep mechanisms and human sleep disorders, the function and purpose of sleep still continue to remain touched by the diaphanous veil of witchery.The universality of sleep, in fact, suggests that sleep serves an important biological function. Sleep has now been studied both behaviorally and electrophysiologically in a wide variety of organisms. The majority of sleep studies have been performed on familiar mammals such as mice, rats, cats, dogs, and humans. However, the phylogenetic study of sleep also encompasses nonmammalian organisms with wide variations in habitat, electrophysiology, and behavior. Insects, invertebrates, fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and monotremes (platypus and echidna) as well as more unusual mammals such as sloths, elephants, and cetaceans (whales and dolphins) have been studied behaviorally and in several cases electrophysiologically (for recent reviews, see [2][3][4][5][6]). By examining living organisms which have a long history represented in the fossil record, clues to the contribution of sleep in the survival of a species as well as the function of sleep in living species might be determined. Here, we discuss specific findings which have emerged from phylogenetic studies, drawing primarily on nonmammalian or ganisms, and which have significance for unraveling human sleep disorders. The Definition of SleepThe behavioral criteria for defining sleep are well known, and the application of these criteria permits the identification of sleep in diverse species. These criteria include: (1) a species-specific posture, (2) behavioral quiescence, (3) elevated arousal thresholds, (4) state reversibility to distinguish sleep from coma or torpor, and (5) a homeostatic response to sleep deprivation [4]. There is well-known electrophysiology which occurs in conjunction with these behavioral criteria. Nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREM), defined by the presence of high-amplitude slow waves, occurs in cyclic alteration with rapid eye movement (REM) or paradoxical (PS) sleep, defined by the presence of REMs, skeletal muscle atonia, increases in brain temperature, male penile erections, and, in humans, mental activity. S...

show abstract

“…Considering that the droplet is an isolated space, the motility of the worm can be simply correlated with the fluid drag and wall frictions. Our past results 16 and some papers [17][18][19][20] have reported that worms in such a confined and aqueous environment tend to be more active but short-lived perhaps due to reduced mechanical load in liquid, 20 a different motor program in liquid, 19 accumulation of metabolic waste, or food shortage. 16 Nevertheless, the aqueous system remains an ideal platform to date for analyzing the biomechanics of the nematodes 21 when the motility in liquid is interested and the measurement period is less a few hours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizations of kinetic power and propulsion of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans based on a micro-particle image velocimetry system

2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Quantifying the motility of micro-organisms is beneficial in understanding their biomechanical properties. This paper presents a simple image-based algorithm to derive the kinetic power and propulsive force of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. To avoid unnecessary disturbance, each worm was confined in an aqueous droplet of 0.5 ll. The droplet was sandwiched between two glass slides and sealed with mineral oil to prevent evaporation. For motion visualization, 3-lm fluorescent particles were dispersed in the droplet. Since the droplet formed an isolated environment, the fluid drag and energy loss due to wall frictions were associated with the worm's kinetic power and propulsion. A microparticle image velocimetry system was used to acquire consecutive particle images for fluid analysis. The shorttime interval (Dt < 20 ms) between images enabled quasi real-time measurements. A numerical simulation of the flow in a straight channel showed that the relative error of this algorithm was significantly mitigated as the image was divided into small interrogation windows. The time-averaged power and propulsive force of a N2 adult worm over three swimming cycles were estimated to be 5.2 6 3.1 pW and 1.0 6 0.8 nN, respectively. In addition, a mutant, KG532 [kin-2(ce179) X], and a wild-type (N2) worm in a viscous medium were investigated. Both cases showed an increase in the kinetic power as compared with the N2 worm in the nematode growth medium due to the hyperactive nature of the kin-2 mutant and the high viscosity medium used. Overall, the technique deals with less sophisticated calculations and is automation possible. V C 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.

show abstract

Caenorhabditis-in-Drop Array for MonitoringC. elegansQuiescent Behavior

Cited by 38 publications

References 46 publications

Distinct Mechanisms Underlie Quiescence during TwoCaenorhabditis elegansSleep-Like States

Distinct Mechanisms Underlie Quiescence during TwoCaenorhabditis elegansSleep-Like States

Phylogeny in Sleep Medicine

Characterizations of kinetic power and propulsion of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans based on a micro-particle image velocimetry system

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About