Caenorhabditis elegans BAH-1 Is a DUF23 Protein Expressed in Seam Cells and Required for Microbial Biofilm Binding to the Cuticle

Drace, Kevin; McLaughlin, Stephanie E.; Darby, Creg

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006741

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…The simplest explanation is that the presence of the fully formed needle acts as a physical barrier which blocks the interaction between a key, chromosomally encoded bacterial surface component and the nematode surface. This would also be consistent with the loss of biofilm formation which results from the mutation of a number of C. elegans surface-determining genes [64] , [65] . However, at this stage we cannot rule out the possibility that contact between the injectisome and C. elegans results in the repression of as yet unidentified genes required for biofilm formation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Biofilm Development on Caenorhabditis elegans by Yersinia Is Facilitated by Quorum Sensing-Dependent Repression of Type III Secretion

et al. 2011

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Yersinia pseudotuberculosis forms biofilms on Caenorhabditis elegans which block nematode feeding. This genetically amenable host-pathogen model has important implications for biofilm development on living, motile surfaces. Here we show that Y. pseudotuberculosis biofilm development on C. elegans is governed by N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated quorum sensing (QS) since (i) AHLs are produced in nematode associated biofilms and (ii) Y. pseudotuberculosis strains expressing an AHL-degrading enzyme or in which the AHL synthase (ypsI and ytbI) or response regulator (ypsR and ytbR) genes have been mutated, are attenuated. Although biofilm formation is also attenuated in Y. pseudotuberculosis strains carrying mutations in the QS-controlled motility regulator genes, flhDC and fliA, and the flagellin export gene, flhA, flagella are not required since fliC mutants form normal biofilms. However, in contrast to the parent and fliC mutant, Yop virulon proteins are up-regulated in flhDC, fliA and flhA mutants in a temperature and calcium independent manner. Similar observations were found for the Y. pseudotuberculosis QS mutants, indicating that the Yop virulon is repressed by QS via the master motility regulator, flhDC. By curing the pYV virulence plasmid from the ypsI/ytbI mutant, by growing YpIII under conditions permissive for type III needle formation but not Yop secretion and by mutating the type III secretion apparatus gene, yscJ, we show that biofilm formation can be restored in flhDC and ypsI/ytbI mutants. These data demonstrate that type III secretion blocks biofilm formation and is reciprocally regulated with motility via QS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Biofilm Development on Caenorhabditis elegans by Yersinia Is Facilitated by Quorum Sensing-Dependent Repression of Type III Secretion

et al. 2011

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“…Mutation in any of these genes leads to resistance to certain bacterial infections, via changing surface epitopes targeted by pathogens. For example, bah-1 is required for Yersinia biofilm attachment to the cuticle [27] . There were also 13 F-box containing proteins; these have been suggested to be ubiquitin ligases involved in host defense [28] , as well as 11 cytochrome P450 genes which are expected to function in the detoxification of xeniobiotics [29] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Analysis of Gene Expression Changes Provoked by Bacterial and Fungal Infection in C. elegans

et al. 2011

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While Caenorhabditis elegans specifically responds to infection by the up-regulation of certain genes, distinct pathogens trigger the expression of a common set of genes. We applied new methods to conduct a comprehensive and comparative study of the transcriptional response of C. elegans to bacterial and fungal infection. Using tiling arrays and/or RNA-sequencing, we have characterized the genome-wide transcriptional changes that underlie the host's response to infection by three bacterial (Serratia marcescens, Enterococcus faecalis and otorhabdus luminescens) and two fungal pathogens (Drechmeria coniospora and Harposporium sp.). We developed a flexible tool, the WormBase Converter (available at http://wormbasemanager.sourceforge.net/), to allow cross-study comparisons. The new data sets provided more extensive lists of differentially regulated genes than previous studies. Annotation analysis confirmed that genes commonly up-regulated by bacterial infections are related to stress responses. We found substantial overlaps between the genes regulated upon intestinal infection by the bacterial pathogens and Harposporium, and between those regulated by Harposporium and D. coniospora, which infects the epidermis. Among the fungus-regulated genes, there was a significant bias towards genes that are evolving rapidly and potentially encode small proteins. The results obtained using new methods reveal that the response to infection in C. elegans is determined by the nature of the pathogen, the site of infection and the physiological imbalance provoked by infection. They form the basis for future functional dissection of innate immune signaling. Finally, we also propose alternative methods to identify differentially regulated genes that take into account the greater variability in lowly expressed genes.

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“…Sequencing of MSAP variant bands showed that the changed DNA methylation genes differed between low- and high-dose HIR–exposed seeds. Oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase and cinnamoyl-coA reductase, which altered following LDR exposure, are associated with biosynthetic pathways [ 40 ], whereas DUF23 family protein, heavy metal transport/detoxification protein domain-containing protein and RSH2, which altered following HDR exposure, are involved in responses to various environmental stresses [ 41 , 42 ]. This result implies that LDR enhances growth and increases the immune response of plants to stress by activating the biosynthetic pathways, whereas HDR is predominantly harmful for plants [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of DNA methylation alterations in rice seeds induced by different doses of carbon-ion radiation

Zhao

Wang

Gao

et al. 2018

Journal of Radiation Research

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To investigate the mechanism underlying differences in biological effects induced by low- versus high-dose heavy-ion radiation (HIR) in rice plants, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) analysis were used to check the expression changes in rice leaf proteome profiles and the changes in DNA methylation after exposure of seeds to ground-based carbon-ion radiation at various cumulative doses (0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.1, 0.2, 1, 2, 5 or 20 Gy; 12C6+; energy, 165 MeV/u; mean linear energy transfer, 30 KeV/μm). In this study, principal component analysis (PCA) and gene ontology (GO) functional analysis of differentially expressed proteins of rice at tillering stage showed that proteins expressed in rice samples exposed to 0.01, 0.02, 0.1, 0.2 or 1 Gy differed from those exposed to 2, 5 or 20 Gy. Correspondingly, the proportion of hypermethylation was higher than that of hypomethylation at CG sites following low-dose HIR (LDR; 0.01, 0.2 or 1 Gy), whereas this was reversed at high-dose HIR (HDR; 2, 5 or 20 Gy). The hypomethylation changes tended to occur at CHG sites with both low- and high-dose HIR. Furthermore, sequencing of MSAP variant bands indicated that the plants might activate more metabolic processes and biosynthetic pathways on exposure to LDR, but activate stress resistance on exposure to HDR. This study showed that radiation induced different biological effects with low- and high-dose HIR, and that this may have been caused by different patterns of hyper- and hypomethylation at the CG sites.

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Caenorhabditis elegans BAH-1 Is a DUF23 Protein Expressed in Seam Cells and Required for Microbial Biofilm Binding to the Cuticle

Cited by 12 publications

References 48 publications

Biofilm Development on Caenorhabditis elegans by Yersinia Is Facilitated by Quorum Sensing-Dependent Repression of Type III Secretion

Biofilm Development on Caenorhabditis elegans by Yersinia Is Facilitated by Quorum Sensing-Dependent Repression of Type III Secretion

A Comprehensive Analysis of Gene Expression Changes Provoked by Bacterial and Fungal Infection in C. elegans

Analysis of DNA methylation alterations in rice seeds induced by different doses of carbon-ion radiation

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