Caenorhabditis elegans Antifungal Defense Mechanisms

Labed, Sid Ahmed; Pujol, Nathalie

doi:10.5275/ijcr.2012.04.07

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…It's possible that DBL-1-secreting neurons are directly in contact with the pseudocoelom, suggesting that DAF-4/SMA-6 receptor could be activated from the basal side of the epidermis. 46 …”

Section: A Paracrine Role Of Non-canonical Dbl-1/tgfβ Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of innate immunity inC. elegansepidermis

Taffoni

Pujol

2015

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The roundworm C. elegans has been successfully used for more than 50 y as a genetically tractable invertebrate model in diverse biological fields such as neurobiology, development and interactions. C. elegans feeds on bacteria and can be naturally infected by a wide range of microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria and fungi. Most of these pathogens infect C. elegans through its gut, but some have developed ways to infect the epidermis. In this review, we will mainly focus on epidermal innate immunity, in particular the signaling pathways and effectors activated upon wounding and fungal infection that serve to protect the host. We will discuss the parallels that exist between epidermal innate immune responses in nematodes and mammals.

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“…It's possible that DBL-1-secreting neurons are directly in contact with the pseudocoelom, suggesting that DAF-4/SMA-6 receptor could be activated from the basal side of the epidermis. 46 …”

Section: A Paracrine Role Of Non-canonical Dbl-1/tgfβ Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of innate immunity inC. elegansepidermis

Taffoni

Pujol

2015

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“…Others infect with their non-motile spores that are either swallowed like Candida albicans or Harposorium spp., or adhere to the cuticle, like Haptocilium spp. or Drechmeria coniospora (Labed and Pujol, 2011). Most known C. elegans bacterial pathogens including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus thuringiensis and Serratia marcescens infect the intestinal tract (Kurz et al, 2003;Mahajan-Miklos et al, 1999;Marroquin et al, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Innate immunity in C. elegans

Martineau

Kirienko

Pujol

2021

Current Topics in Developmental Biology

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In its natural habitat, C. elegans encounters a wide variety of microbes, including food, commensals and pathogens. To be able to survive long enough to reproduce, C. elegans has developed a complex array of responses to pathogens. These activities are coordinated on scales that range from individual organelles to the entire organism. Often, the response is triggered within cells, by detection of infection-induced damage, mainly in the intestine or epidermis. C. elegans has, however, a capacity for cell non-autonomous regulation of these responses. This frequently involves the nervous system, integrating pathogen recognition, altering host biology and governing avoidance behaviour. Although there are significant differences with the immune system of mammals, some mechanisms used to limit pathogenesis show remarkable phylogenetic conservation. The past twenty years have witnessed an explosion of host-pathogen interaction studies using C. elegans as a model. This review will discuss the broad themes that have emerged and highlight areas that remain to be fully explored. Natural environment and microbiotaCaenorhabditis elegans is a small free-living nematode found worldwide, predominately in humid, temperate areas where it can feed on the bacteria that proliferate on decaying vegetation (Schulenburg and Félix, 2017). Its natural environment comprises a complex community of microbes, including bacteria, fungi and viruses, including many parasitic species. The effect of environmental microbes on worm fitness can be beneficial, detrimental or mixed (Khan et al., 2018). And as the same microorganism can sometime be either beneficial or detrimental depending on the environmental conditions or the genotype of the host (Gravato-Nobre et al., 2020;Zarate-Potes et al., 2020), we will use the terms of "pathogen" or "commensal" for a given microbe as a simplification.A broad range of microorganisms can infect nematodes in a variety of ways. Different fungi, for example, have independently acquired the capacity to infect worms using diverse strategies (Lebrigand et al., 2016). Some species capture their prey with adhesive structure such as Arthobotrys oligosora or elegant mechanical traps like the constricting rings of al., 2001). Apart from recognition of viral replication products by DRH-1/RIG-1 (Ashe et al., 2013), see below, examples of direct microbial detection that lead to immune pathway activation remain elusive in C. elegans (Kim and Ewbank, 2018).Various molecules from the host, such as the protein HMGB1, formylated peptides, mitochondrial DNA, or uric acid, amongst many others, can also trigger innate immune activity (Tang et al., 2012). Matzinger and colleagues recognized that cells are agnostic with regard to the origin of the damage signals and will respond to them regardless of the preceding event, which led to the 'damage-associated molecular pattern' or DAMP hypothesis (Matzinger, 2002;Seong and Matzinger, 2004). On this basis, the field of innate immunity widened to include recognition of both non-self and se...

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“…Conversely, abf-2 is up-regulated by Candida albicans . It is not clear what the underlying regulatory pathways governing abf gene expression are (Pukkila-Worley et al, 2011 ), but one can speculate that their differential regulation reflects both the various modes of pathogen infection (Labed and Pujol, 2011 ), and also their potentially distinct spectra of antimicrobial activities.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This ties in with the fact that D. coniospora spores attach to the nematode's cuticle and then germinate, penetrating into the body of the worm via the epidermis. Much, but not all, of the response to infection is a cell-autonomous mechanism acting in the epidermis; reviewed in Labed and Pujol ( 2011 ). The infection-induced nlp genes are structurally related to the cnc genes.…”

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confidence: 99%