Cadmium Uptake and Defense Mechanism in Insect Cells

Braeckman, Bart P.; Smagghe, Guy; Brutsaert, Nathalie; Cornelis, Rita; Raes, Hilda

doi:10.1006/enrs.1998.3897

Cited by 56 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…Braeckman et al (1999) proved that Cd clearly stimulated protein synthesis at low doses. They found a major induction of a group consisting of 71, 756 and 78 KDa proteins, probably belonging to the HSP 70 family.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mutagenic Effect of Three Nitrogenous Fertilizers on Drosophila melanogaster

et al. 2009

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SummaryThe present study was carried out in order to evaluate the mutagenic effect of 3 nitrogenous fertilizers; urea, ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate; on Drosophila melanogaster. Newly hatched larvae were treated with the LC 25 and LC 50 of the 3 tested nitrogenous fertilizers. The classic sex-linked recessive lethal (SLRL) test was used to detect the differential mutagenic effect of the fertilizers on the 3 germ stages. The results showed that all fertilizers exhibited variable mutation frequencies in the different broods of spermatogenesis after a single treatment. Urea exhibited a direct mutagenic effect on post-meiotic stages whereas ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate revealed an indirect mutagenic effect on meiotic and pre-meiotic stages. The electrophoretic separation of proteins (SDS-PAGE) showed that treatment with these fertilizers resulted in polymorphetic changes in different low and high molecular weight protein bands, causing alteration in the electrophoretic patterns and densities of proteins. This study showed that the tested nitrogenous fertilizers possess mutagenic potentialities which are related to their nitrogen content.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mutagenic Effect of Three Nitrogenous Fertilizers on Drosophila melanogaster

et al. 2009

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“…The major route for uptake of Cd ions by insect cells is via the calcium channels (Braeckman et al, 1999;Craig et al, 1999). Cd 2+ is an electrophilic ion, which under physiological conditions has the following affinity for biochemical ligands: thiol > phosphate > chloride > carboxyl.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of the Cadmium-induced Stress Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance and evolution in invertebrates

Janssens¹,

Roelofs²,

Straalen³

2009

Insect Science

144

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Following the genomics revolution, our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying defenses against stress has been greatly expanded. Under strong selective pressure many animals may evolve an enhanced stress tolerance. This can be achieved by altering the structure of proteins (through mutations in the coding regions of genes) or by altering the amount of protein (through changes in transcriptional regulation). The latter type of evolution can be achieved by substitutions in the promoter of the gene of interest (cisregulatory change) or by altering the structure or amount of transcriptional regulator proteins (trans-regulatory change). The metallothionein system is one of the best studied stress response systems in the context of heavy metals. Metallothionein expression is assumed to be regulated by metal transcription factor 1 (MTF-1); however, up to now the involvement of MTF-1 has only been proven for some vertebrates and Drosophila. Data on invertebrates such as nematodes and earthworms suggest that other mechanisms of metallothionein induction may be present. A detailed study of Cd tolerance was done for a species of soilliving springtail, Orchesella cincta. The metallothionein gene of this species is overexpressed in metal-exposed field populations. Analysis of the metallothionein promoter has demonstrated extensive polymorphisms that have a functional significance, as shown in bioreporter assays. In a study comparing 20 different populations, the frequency of a high-expresser promoter allele was positively correlated with the concentration of metals in soil, especially Cd. The springtail study shows that cis-regulatory change of genes involved in the cellular stress response may contribute to evolution of metal tolerance.

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“…A variety of cytotoxic agents including Cd have been shown to up-regulate hsp70, and hsp70 expression has been examined as a potential marker in toxicologic screening for a number of vertebrate species. The most commonly used assays include Northern and Western blots, as well as hsp70 gene promoters linked to reporter genes in transfected cells (4)(5)(6)(7). Although such assays can serve as a rapid and accurate means to assess toxin impact in cultured cells, they are of limited value in assessing toxicity or elucidating mechanisms in intact individuals during development.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental toxicology of cadmium in living embryos of a stable transgenic zebrafish line.

Blechinger

Warren

Kuwada

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

147

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The toxic effects of cadmium and other heavy metals have been well established, and many of these and other environmental pollutants are known to be embryotoxic or teratogenic. However, it has proven difficult to identify individual cells that respond to toxicants among the wide range of cell populations in an intact animal, particularly during early development when cells are continually changing their molecular and physiologic characteristics as they differentiate. Here we report the establishment of an in vivo system that uses hsp70 gene activation as a measure of cadmium toxicity in living early larvae of transgenic zebrafish carrying a stably integrated hsp70-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter gene. We demonstrate that eGFP expression in this strain of fish acts as an accurate and reproducible indicator of cell-specific induction of hsp70 gene expression. Furthermore, the transgene responds in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations similar to those observed for morphologic indicators of early-life-stage toxicity and is sensitive enough to detect cadmium at doses below the median combined adverse effect concentration and the median lethal concentration. The stable nature of this transgenic line should allow for extremely rapid and reproducible toxicologic profiling of embryos and larvae throughout development.

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Cadmium Uptake and Defense Mechanism in Insect Cells

Cited by 56 publications

References 59 publications

Mutagenic Effect of Three Nitrogenous Fertilizers on Drosophila melanogaster

Mutagenic Effect of Three Nitrogenous Fertilizers on Drosophila melanogaster

Molecular mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance and evolution in invertebrates

Developmental toxicology of cadmium in living embryos of a stable transgenic zebrafish line.

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