Cadmium turnover in the hemocytes of Mercenaria mercenaria (L.) in relation to hemocyte turnover

McIntosh, Lisa M; Robinson, William E.

doi:10.1016/s0742-8413(99)00011-0

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Indeed, the complete blood collection of an experimental oyster (10 g of meat) routinely provides 10 6 hemocytes (Rolland et al, 2012), which is a conservative value because the proportion of blood cells infiltrating the oyster tissues is unknown. In contrast, the hemocyte half-life was determined to be 22 days for the related eastern oyster, C. virginica (Feng and Feng, 1974), a value consistent with the 28 days found for another bivalve, Mercenaria mercenaria (McIntosh and Robinson, 1999). Based upon these values, the lower range for the daily loss of hemocytes can be estimated at 22.000 h day −1 for a medium-sized individual.…”

Section: Research Articlesupporting

confidence: 68%

Adult somatic progenitor cells and hematopoiesis in oyster

Jèmaà

Morin

Cavelier

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Long-lived animals show a non-observable age-related decline in immune defense, which is provided by blood cells that derive from self-renewing stem cells. The oldest living animals are bivalves. Yet, the origin of hemocytes, the cells involved in innate immunity, is unknown in bivalves and current knowledge about mollusk adult somatic stem cells is scarce. Here we identify a population of adult somatic precursor cells and show their differentiation into hemocytes. Oyster gill contains an as yet unreported irregularly folded structure (IFS) with stem-like cells bathing into the hemolymph. BrdU labeling revealed that the stem-like cells in the gill epithelium and in the nearby hemolymph replicate DNA. Proliferation of this cell population was further evidenced by phosphorylated-histone H3 mitotic staining. Finally, these small cells, most abundant in the IFS epithelium, were found to be positive for the stemness marker Sox2. We provide evidence for hematopoiesis by showing that co-expression of Sox2 and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, a hemocyte-specific enzyme, does not occur in the gill epithelial cells but rather in the underlying tissues and vessels. We further confirm the hematopoietic features of these cells by the detection of Filamin, a protein specific for a subpopulation of hemocytes, in large BrdU-labeled cells bathing into gill vessels. Altogether, our data show that progenitor cells differentiate into hemocytes in the gill, which suggests that hematopoiesis occurs in oyster gills.

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Section: Research Articlesupporting

confidence: 68%

Adult somatic progenitor cells and hematopoiesis in oyster

Jèmaà

Morin

Cavelier

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…In vivo, bivalve hemocytes are known to quickly take up and concentrate cadmium from the hemolymph and to retain it internally throughout their circulatory lifespan (McIntosh and Robinson, 1999). This suggests that these cells have limited abilities for cadmium excretion, may concentrate extremely high levels of this metal and may be a key target for cadmium toxicity in oysters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium-induced apoptosis in oyster hemocytes involves disturbance of cellular energy balance but no mitochondrial permeability transition

Sokolova

Evans

Hughes

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

191

111

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SUMMARY Exposure to environmentally prevalent heavy metals such as cadmium can have detrimental effects on a variety of commercially and ecologically important species such as oysters. Since Cd2+ is known to induce apoptosis in immune cells of vertebrates, we have investigated the effects of this metal on isolated oyster hemocytes, the main cellular immune defense in mollusks. Enhanced apoptosis of these cells could conceivably create immunosuppressed conditions in these organisms and result in reduced disease resistance and increased opportunistic infection, resulting in decline of their populations. Cd2+ exposure induced apoptosis in oyster hemocytes in a dose-dependent manner in the range of 10-100 μmol l-1, as indicated by the translocation of phosphatidylserine to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. At higher concentrations (200-1000 μmol l-1), there was no further increase in apoptosis but a significant increase in the level of necrosis. In stark contrast to vertebrate immune cells, there was no decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential or activation of caspases in response to Cd2+ in the apoptotic range. Surprisingly, Cd2+ exposure in this range did cause a significant decrease in intracellular ATP levels, indicating a severe disturbance of energy metabolism. Similarly, Cd2+ exposure of isolated mitochondria resulted in partial uncoupling of mitochondria but no difference in mitochondrial membrane potential. The results demonstrate that the important environmental pollutant Cd2+ induces apoptosis in oyster immune cells and does so through a mitochondria/caspase-independent pathway,suggesting that a novel, perhaps ancient, apoptotic pathway is active in these cells. Furthermore, it appears that the observed decrease in ATP production during apoptosis is not due to the loss of the mitochondrial proton-motive force but is more likely to be due to inhibition of the F0/F1-ATPase and/or mitochondrial ADP/ATP or substrate transport.

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“…The kinetics of PAH loss previously described suggest that rapid decontamination could possibly be occurring and thus that there may be a reduction in ROS production during the 24h that elapsed between starfish collection and response measurement. Such an explanation cannot account for the CAC result though, since immune cell turnover in marine invertebrates exceeds 24 hours (McIntosh and Robinson, 1999). CAC is known to be quite a robust biomarker for stress (Coteur et al, 2004), and the differences observed between the two populations would indeed have resulted from the PAH level in the field.…”

Section: Biomarker Expression and Pah Dynamics In Asterias Rubens Pylmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of the Erika Oil Spill on the Common Starfish Asterias rubens, Evaluated by Field and Laboratory Studies

Joly-Turquin

Dúbois

Coteur

et al. 2008

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Cadmium turnover in the hemocytes of Mercenaria mercenaria (L.) in relation to hemocyte turnover

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Adult somatic progenitor cells and hematopoiesis in oyster

Adult somatic progenitor cells and hematopoiesis in oyster

Cadmium-induced apoptosis in oyster hemocytes involves disturbance of cellular energy balance but no mitochondrial permeability transition

Effects of the Erika Oil Spill on the Common Starfish Asterias rubens, Evaluated by Field and Laboratory Studies

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