Cadmium Toxicology

Detection of the Early Steps of Cadmium Nephropathy – Comparison of Light- and Electron-Microscopical Patterns with the Urinary Enzymes Excretion

“…Chronic cadmium exposition causes a nephropathy with peculiar damage of the renal proximal tubule [1], Atrophy and degeneration of proximal tubules [2,3] with vesiculation of tubular cells are the most striking lesions seen with light microscopy. The nuclei are hypertrophic, with prominent nucleoli and irregular chromatin pat terns [4], With electron microscopy, Kajikawa et al [4] found mitochondrial swelling, an increased number of pinocytic vesicles, cytoplasmic edema and, in some cases, apical vesiculation and an increased number of lyso somes in proximal tubular cells.…”

Radiopharmacological Studies on the Cadmium Poisoning

“…are now recognized as manifestations of acute Cd poisoning, while proteinuria, emphysema, anemia, kidney stones and bone lesions as those of the chronic poisoning (1). It had been reported that arterial hypertension, testicular hemorrhage and necrosis were induced in rats with only a small dose of Cd (2,3), also that Cd acts as a carcinogen in rats (4) Administering cadmium chloride to mice, using <SUP>115m</SUP>Cd as the tracer we investigated retention, excretion and distribution and the effects of drugs in order to provide effective therapy to Cd poisoned patients.…”

Metabolism of /sup 90/Sr and other elements in man, April 1, 1976--March 31, 1977 (extended without additional funding to March 31, 1978) and renewal proposal, April 1, 1978--March 31, 1979

“…In addition to the dietary intake of cadmium, a small part of the exposure to cadmium is due to smoking of cigarettes. A substantial fraction of the cadmium contained in cigarette tobacco is contained in the cigarette smoke (20,21). It has been estimated that the human body contains about 30 mg cadmium and that one-third of this is contained in the kidneys (18).…”