Cadmium Tolerance and Removal from Cunninghamella elegans Related to the Polyphosphate Metabolism

Lima, Marcos Antônio Barbosa de; Franco, Luciana de Oliveira; Souza, Patrícia Mendes de; Nascimento, Aline Elesbão do; Silva, Carlos A. A. da; Maia, Rita de Cássia Carvalho; Rolim, Hercí­lia Maria Lins; Campos-Takaki, Galba Maria de

doi:10.3390/ijms14047180

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Polyphosphate accumulation in extraradical hyphae could enhance the Cd resistance of Rhizophagus irregularis (Yao et al 2013). Cunninghamella elegans may accumulate polyphosphate as a detoxification mechanism to precipitate and tolerate Cd (de Lima et al 2013). Penicillium chrysogenum deposited Cd inside or outside of the cells by forming Cd 3 (PO 4 ) 2 with phosphoryl (Sarret et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in a dark septate endophyte (DSE), Exophiala pisciphila

Zhan

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Our objective was to understand the cadmium (Cd) tolerance mechanisms by investigating the subcellular distribution, chemical forms of Cd and adsorptive groups in the mycelia of Exophiala pisciphila. We grew E. pisciphila in the liquid media with increasing Cd concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg L(-1)). Increased Cd in the media caused a proportional increase in the Cd uptake by E. pisciphila. Subcellular distribution indicated that 81 to 97% of Cd was associated with the cell walls. The largest amount and proportion (45-86%) of Cd was extracted with 2% acetic acid, and a concentration-dependent extraction was observed, both of which suggest that Cd-phosphate complexes were the major chemical form in E. pisciphila. A large distribution of phosphate and Cd on the mycelia surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS). The precipitates associated with the mycelia were observed to contain Cd by transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDX). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) identified that hydroxyl, amine, carboxyl, and phosphate groups were responsible for binding Cd. We conclude that Cd associated with cell walls and integrated with phosphate might be responsible for the tolerance of E. pisciphila to Cd.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in a dark septate endophyte (DSE), Exophiala pisciphila

Zhan

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Metal ions at low concentration are necessary for the growth of fungi, but high concentrations of ions adversely affect the spore germination and growth . Fungi respond to metal stress by different ways like pump out across cell membrane, biosorption, entrapment in extracellular capsules, precipitation and transformation of metals . The chitin, chitosan and glucan present in the cell wall of Mucorales are known to be efficient metal ion biosorbents, which possibly leads to the metal resistance in this group of fungi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main problem with Fe metabolism is acquisition and storage. In order to overcome this problem, fungi develop Fe uptake and storage system . Mucorales produce α‐hydroxycarboxylate, siderophores, rhizoferrin to absorb Fe and zygoferritin for Fe storage .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that these fungi possibly detoxify free radicals by enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, etc.) or accumulate excess Cu in cell wall and polyphosphate granules . Toxic concentration of Cu induces ROS generation in cells, causing lipids, DNA and proteins damage, leading to cellular injury .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Host phagocytic cells also use Zn overloading mechanism to produce free radicals for killing of pathogens in phagosome . The higher resistance in R. microsporus and C. bertholletiae to Zn indicate the abilities of these fungi to detoxify the Zn . The adaptation of Mucorales to Zn toxicity suggests the presence of well‐developed signalling pathway for Zn metabolism in fungi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress response in medically important Mucorales

Singh

Paul

Shivaprakash

et al. 2016

Mycoses

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Mucorales are saprobes, ubiquitously distributed and able to infect a heterogeneous population of human hosts. The fungi require robust stress responses to survive in human host. We tested the growth of Mucorales in the presence of different abiotic stress. Eight pathogenic species of Mucorales, including Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizomucor pusillus, Apophysomyces elegans, Licthemia corymbifera, Cunninghamella bertholletiae, Syncephalastrum racemosum and Mucor racemosus, were exposed to different stress inducers: osmotic (sodium chloride and d-sorbitol), oxidative (hydrogen peroxide and menadione), pH, cell wall and metal ions (Cu, Zn, Fe and Mg). Wide variation in stress responses was noted: R. arrhizus showed maximum resistance to both osmotic and oxidative stresses, whereas R. pusillus and M. indicus were relatively sensitive. Rhizopus arrhizus and R. microsporus showed maximum resistance to alkaline pH, whereas C. bertholletiae, L. corymbifera, M. racemosus and A. elegans were resistant to acidic pH. Maximum tolerance was noted in R. microsporus to Cu, R. microsporus and R. arrhizus to Fe and C. bertholletiae to Zn. In contrast, L. corymbifera, A. elegans and M. indicus were sensitive to Cu, Zn and Fe respectively. In conclusion, R. arrhizus showed high stress tolerance in comparison to other species of Mucorales, and this could be the possible reason for high pathogenic potential of this fungi.

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