Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells on Molybdenum Substrates

Matulionis, Ilvydas; Han, S.; Drayton, Jennifer; Price, K. J.; Compaan, A.

doi:10.1557/proc-668-h8.23

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This greatly exceeds the previous record efficiency of 7.8% (ref. 13), proving that highly efficient flexible CdTe solar cells on non-transparent substrates are possible. We expect to close the remaining gap between efficiencies on glass and on metal foil substrates by adapting processing temperatures to the changed thermal mass of the substrate and by reducing impurity diffusion from the steel foil substrate through the application of improved diffusion barrier layers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doping of polycrystalline CdTe for high-efficiency solar cells on flexible metal foil

et al. 2013

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Roll-to-roll manufacturing of CdTe solar cells on flexible metal foil substrates is one of the most attractive options for low-cost photovoltaic module production. However, various efforts to grow CdTe solar cells on metal foil have resulted in low efficiencies. This is caused by the fact that the conventional device structure must be inverted, which imposes severe restrictions on device processing and consequently limits the electronic quality of the CdTe layer. Here we introduce an innovative concept for the controlled doping of the CdTe layer in the inverted device structure by means of evaporation of sub-monolayer amounts of Cu and subsequent annealing, which enables breakthrough efficiencies up to 13.6%. For the first time, CdTe solar cells on metal foil exceed the 10% efficiency threshold for industrialization. The controlled doping of CdTe with Cu leads to increased hole density, enhanced carrier lifetime and improved carrier collection in the solar cell. Our results offer new research directions for solving persistent challenges of CdTe photovoltaics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doping of polycrystalline CdTe for high-efficiency solar cells on flexible metal foil

et al. 2013

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“…15 The highest efficiency obtained in the substrate configuration is 10Á3% on a Mo/Cu-coated glass substrate, 16 while flexible cells of 7Á8% efficiency on molybdenum foils have been realized. 5 However, the stability of the back contact remains a limiting factor in the substrate configuration. Recently, with a novel lift-off process, 11% efficiency cells in superstrate and 7Á7% efficiency cells in substrate configuration have been developed on flexible polyimide films.…”

Section: Cdte Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Highest efficiencies of 12Á8% and 17Á6% have been reported for CIGS cells on polyimide 3 and metal foils, 4 respectively. Similarly, CdTe solar cells in the efficiency range of 10-16%, depending on the deposition process, have been developed on glass substrates, while flexible cells with efficiency of 7Á8% on metal, 5 and 11% on polyimide 6 have been achieved. Currently, these polycrystalline compound semiconductors solar cells are attracting considerable interest for space applications, because proton and electron irradiation tests of CIGS and CdTe solar cells have proven that their stability against particle irradiation is superior to Si or III-V solar cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of thin‐film Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ and CdTe solar cells

Romeo¹,

Terheggen²,

Abou‐Ras³

et al. 2004

Progress in Photovoltaics

353

192

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Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and CdTe heterojunction solar cells grown on rigid (glass) or flexible foil substrates require p‐type absorber layers of optimum optoelectronic properties and n‐type wide‐bandgap partner layers to form the p–n junction. Transparent conducting oxide and specific metal layers are used for front and back electrical contacts. Efficiencies of solar cells depend on various deposition methods as they control the optoelectronic properties of the layers and interfaces. Certain treatments, such as addition of Na in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and CdCl2 treatment of CdTe have a direct influence on the electronic properties of the absorber layers and efficiency of solar cells. Processes for the development of superstrate and substrate solar cells are reviewed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…This kind of heterostructure PV solar cell can achieve the highest energy conversion efficiency 5.48%. (Singh et al, 1999) (Matulionis et al, 2001) made the same structure of Mo/CdTe/CdS/ITO thin-film solar cells by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. The conversion efficiency is 7.8 percent on 0.05 cm 2 area device.…”

Section: Thickness Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocomposites for Photovoltaic Energy Conversion

Zeng¹,

Gan²

2011

Advances in Composite Materials for Medicine and Nanotechnology

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Induction Composite materialsA composite is a multiphase solid material. It is incorporated by two or more individual materials through physical or chemical methods. The performance of different materials to complement each other will produce synergistic effects (Ivanov et al., 2008;Lu et al., 2010). The overall property of composite materials is better than that of each original material to meet different requirements. These properties include mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, electrochemical, catalytic behaviors etc. For example (Lu et al., 2010), investigating the synergistic effect of carbon nano-fiber (CNF) and carbon nano-paper on the shape recovery of shape memory polymer (SMP) composite shows that the combination of CNF and carbon nano-paper can improve the thermal and electrical conductivities of the SMP composite, which are much better than each of the components. The individual materials in a composite are referred to as two constituent materials. The two constituent materials are matrix and reinforcement. The matrix material is a frame to support the reinforcement material. So the reinforcement material can keep its relative position. The reinforcement is a functional material which can enhance the matrix properties. Composite metal matrix (substrates) includes aluminum, copper, titanium, magnesium and its alloys and nonmetallic matrix includes synthesized resin, rubber, ceramics, graphite and carbon and so on. Reinforcement mainly includes glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber , aramid fiber, silicon carbide fiber , asbestos fiber, whisker, metal wire and fine grain etc. In order to make use of synergistic effect to improve composite properties, optimum combination of matrix and reinforcement should be chosen. Nanocomposites and their propertiesA nanocomposite is a special composite where one of the phases has one, two or three dimensions less than 100 nanometers (nm, 10 -9 m). A nanocomposite also includes the material where the structures between the different phases that make up the material are in nano-scale (Beecroft & Ober, 1997). In the broadest sense, nanocomposites can also include porous media, colloids, gels and polymers, because in these materials the particles or structures are in nano scale. One nanometer is equivalent to the length to tightly line up www.intechopen.com Advances in Composite Materials for Medicine and Nanotechnology 212 10~100 atoms. Nano-materials include nano-powders, nano-fibers, nano-particles and nanothin films. Their structures are between atom (molecular) size and macro size. Materials in nano-scale have special effects such as quantum size effect, surface effect, small-size effect and macroscopic quantum tunneling effect etc. Quantum size effectQuantum size effect is one of the fundamental physical properties of nano-particles. When the particle size decreases to a nano-scale, the electronic energy levels of the particle atom become discrete and the energy gap becomes wider. This phenomenon is called quantum size effect. This effect does not come into ...

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Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells on Molybdenum Substrates

Cited by 26 publications

References 5 publications

Doping of polycrystalline CdTe for high-efficiency solar cells on flexible metal foil

Doping of polycrystalline CdTe for high-efficiency solar cells on flexible metal foil

Development of thin‐film Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ and CdTe solar cells

Nanocomposites for Photovoltaic Energy Conversion

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Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells on Molybdenum Substrates

Cited by 26 publications

References 5 publications

Doping of polycrystalline CdTe for high-efficiency solar cells on flexible metal foil

Doping of polycrystalline CdTe for high-efficiency solar cells on flexible metal foil

Development of thin‐film Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and CdTe solar cells

Nanocomposites for Photovoltaic Energy Conversion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Development of thin‐film Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ and CdTe solar cells