Cadmium Substitution Effect on Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Mg-Cu-Zn Ferrites

Abstract

The microstructure, optical, and magnetic properties of CdxMg0.3-xCu0.2Zn0.5Fe2O4 ferrites prepared by the citrate auto-combustion method were investigated. The samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, https://soh.iums.ac.ir/uploads/uv-vis_-_2.pptx X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. Rietveld refinement of XRD patterns shows a single-phase cubic structure (space group Fd3¯m) for the samples with x up to 0.20, while the impurity phase of CdO is observed in the samples with x = 0.25, 0.30. As the substitution content increases, the presence of non-magnetic Cd2+ ions in the octahedral site and the migration of Fe3+ions from the octahedral site to the tetrahedral site decreases the saturation magnetization of the samples. Comparison of the bandgap energy of the samples shows an increasing trend with Cd substitution for x up to 0.20 and then decreases, which can be interpreted in terms of changes in the electronic structure of the samples. Improvement in dielectric properties of the samples with increase of Cd2+ content for x up to 0.20 may be attributed to easier transfer and electron exchange between Fe3+and M2+ ions.

Effects of Ca–Gd co‐substitution on the structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties of M‐type strontium hexaferrite

“…In an AC electric field, the migration of charge carriers causes the space charge to accumulate at the grain boundaries, resulting in dielectric relaxation. 65 In this frequency range, the grain boundary space charge relaxation has also been confirmed by Cole-Cole plots. The dielectric loss represents the dissipation of electric field energy in the form of heat.…”

“…As shown in the frequency dependence of loss tangent in Figure S4b for all the samples, a broad non‐Debye relaxation peak exists in the low‐frequency region. In an AC electric field, the migration of charge carriers causes the space charge to accumulate at the grain boundaries, resulting in dielectric relaxation 65 . In this frequency range, the grain boundary space charge relaxation has also been confirmed by Cole–Cole plots.…”

Exchange-spring behavior in Ni0.3Cu0.2Zn0.5Fe2O4/PbFe12O19 nanocomposite

“…The M curves versus H of the nanocomposites at the high sufficiently field regions were fitted using the following law of approach to saturation [46,47]:…”

Effect of Cd2+ Substitution on Structural–Magnetic and Dielectric Properties of Ni–Cu–Zn Spinel Ferrite Nanomaterials by Sol–Gel

“…It also has potential applications in areas such as high-density data storage, ferromagnetic fluids, color imaging, high-frequency devices, and drug delivery systems [ 4 , 6 ]. Spinel-type ferrites are prepared by the sol–gel self-propagation method [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], spray pyrolysis [ 10 , 11 ], co-precipitation [ 3 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], and microemulsion methods [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. The sol–gel self-propagation process is superior for producing high-purity ferrite materials due to its simple operation, low cost, low energy consumption, and crystallized powder uniformity [ 10 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

“…Metal ions occupy tetrahedral (A) or octahedral (B) positions, with oxygen ions as the backbone [ 4 , 23 , 24 ]. The variation of different ions in the tetrahedral or octahedral positions can alter the structural, electrical, magnetic, and catalytic properties of spinel-type ferrite nanomaterials [ 17 , 25 , 26 ]. Rahmayeni et al [ 27 ] synthesized CuFe 2 O 4 /activated carbon (CuFe/AC) composites from activated carbon extracted from oil palm waste using green shellfish leaf extract as a biocovering agent, which showed a photocatalytic degradation activity up to 92.10% of rhodamine B under 2 h of light.…”