Cadmium-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the testes of frog Rana limnocharis

Ca2+ and caspases are involved in hydroxyl radical-induced apoptosis in erythrocytes of Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

“…The levels of ROS were determined by measuring the oxidative conversion of DCFH-DA to fluorescent compound dichlorofluorescin (DCF), as described by Zhang et al (2012). Briefly, the erythrocyte suspensions were incubated at 37°C for 9 h. Thereafter, the samples were centrifuged (3 min at 10009g, 4°C), and the erythrocytes were washed three times in PCS.…”

Short-term cadmium exposure induces stress responses in frog (Pelophylax bergeri) skin organ culture

“…In fact, Cd promotes different apoptotic pathways in different cell types of various animal models in a time-and concentration-dependent manner (Agnello et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2012;Gao et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2013). In particular, previous studies conducted in fish have confirmed that Cd induced apoptotic processes in carp and in rainbow trout skin epithelial cells (Iger et al, 1994;Lyons-Alcantara et al, 1998).…”

“…Moreover, considering that MTs act as a component of the antioxidant system and protect the cells against cytotoxic effects of ROS generated by Cd (Viarengo et al, 2000;Cuypers et al, 2010), it can be hypothesized that Mt induction in P. bergeri skin also plays a role in scavenging ROS. In amphibians, Cd-induced oxidative damage due to increased ROS content, was recently demonstrated in the testes of Rana limnocharis (Zhang et al, 2012). Induction of the cellular chaperone HSPs is another common physiological mechanism of protection used by animals to cope with stressful conditions induced by a wide range of environmental stressors such as temperature, heavy metals, pesticides, infection, etc.…”

“…Toxicological and ecotoxicological studies performed in adult amphibians have demonstrated that acute or chronic Cd-exposure results in an accumulation of the metal in various target organs, such as the liver, kidney, gonads and skin (Vasil'eva et al, 1987;Vogiatzis and Loumbourdis, 1997;Othman et al, 2009;Dobrovoljc et al, 2012) at levels proportional to the cadmium concentration in the surrounding environment (Herkovits et al, 1998;James et al, 2004a). Most of the studies on the toxicological impact of Cd in target cells and organs have focused on the kidney, liver and gonads (Loumbourdis and Vogiatzis, 2002;Flament et al, 2003;Sura et al, 2006;Brunt et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2012). Few studies have examined the biological effects of this metal on adult amphibian skin (Suwalsky et al, 2005).…”

Cadmium and decabrominated diphenyl ether mixture: In vitro evaluation of cytotoxic, prooxidative and genotoxic effects

“…In fact, the toxicity of pollutant mixtures, which represents real environmental conditions in a more accurate manner, may assist in the determination of toxicologically relevant effects. Several well-designed and decisive studies dealing with the mixture toxicology of heavy metals and persistent organic chemicals have been carried out (Bandele et al, 2012;Buha et al, 2013;Dai et al, 2013;EC, 2009;EPA, 2008;Gennings et al, 2005;Leeman et al, 2013;Montaño et al, 2011;Spurgeon et al, 2010;Teuschler et al, 2002;Theobald et al, 2012), including the mixture of the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) and the flame retardant decabrominated diphenylether (BDE-209) (Curcic et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2012a).…”