Cadmium in the Southern Basin of Lake Michigan

Physico-Chemical Model of Toxic Substances in the Great Lakes

“…The calculated in-lake concentration (from Eq. 61) as shown in Table 2 is 44 ng/ or about two times higher than the 20 ng/R considered as observed by Muhlbaier and Tisue (1981).…”

“…If a constant partition coefficient is assumed (as in Muhlbaier and Tisue, 1981 and in Section 5 of this report, then it is seen that for the water column a steady state is reached in about 25 years for Lake Michigan and about 10 years for Lake Erie. A calculation then for Lake Michigan that attempts to calibrate to the mean concentration of 27 ngfR (Table 22) then is simply a matter of estimating the approximate average load and may not reflect a non-steady state condition as concluded by Mulhbaier and Tisue (1981).…”

Heavy Metals in Natural Waters

“…In general, there is a good correlation between total Sources: 'Muhlbaier and Tisue (1981);2Thornton et al (1980);3Cawse (1977);4Ruppert (1975);5Kramer (1976);6Yost ( 1978). al.…”

“…Cadmium sorbed on suspended solids (at 10-100 mg L-l levels) in tributaries may well desorb when river plumes dissipate in the clear waters of a lake where suspended solids are quite low « 1 mg L-l) or in an estuary with increased salinity. A cadmium budget prepared by Muhlbaier and Tisue (1981) for southern Lake Michigan estimated that (i) the residence time for Cd in water was 8.5 years, (ii) input rate was 2.5 times greater than the combined rates of sedimentation and outflow, and (iii) Cd levels in the area could rise within a few decades to a level deleterious to zooplankton communities (Table 3 -6). Flinn and Reiners (1977) projected the rate of increase of cadmium emissions from several sources to be 4.6% per annum.…”

“…Source: . Source: Muhlbaier and Tisue (1981 Desorption. Release of sorbed cadmium into the bulkwater is dependent on the partition coefficient, which is related to sediment characteristics and water quality parameters.…”