Cadmium in ocean-skaters, Halobates sericeus (Insecta), and in their seabird predators

Cheng, Lanna; Schulz-Baldes, Meinhard; Harrison, Craig S.

doi:10.1007/bf00393265

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The results of the present study suggest that exposure to cadmium at doses comparable to those observed in the food of birds living in industrialized areas (Weyers et al, 1985) and in some oceanic habitats (Cheng et al, 1984) could exert an adverse effect on the MFO enzyme system. Nevertheless, factors other than cadmium, which could also have influenced the observed variations of MFO enzyme activity, cannot be excluded.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Effects of chronic dietary cadmium on MFO activity in male and female starlings(Sturnus vulgaris)

Pilastro

Tallandini

Turchetto

1993

Bolletino di zoologia

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The effects of cadmium on the enzyme activity of the Mixed Function Oxidase (MFO) system was studied in female and male starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) fed with diets containing 10 and 50 ppm CdCl 2 . Inhibition of cytochrome P-450 was observed only in females. Increases in the activity of NADPH-cytochrome-c reductase (in both sexes), and NADH-cytochrome-c reductase (only in males) were significant in Cd-fed groups. Cytochrome P-450 levels and NADHcytochrome-c reductase activity showed significant differences between sexes, the control females having higher levels than the control males. The results of the present study suggest that exposure to cadmium at doses comparable to those observed in polluted areas could exert an adverse effect on the MFO enzyme system. Constitutional differences between sexes in MFO enzyme levels suggest caution in the interpretation of field monitoring data.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Effects of chronic dietary cadmium on MFO activity in male and female starlings(Sturnus vulgaris)

Pilastro

Tallandini

Turchetto

1993

Bolletino di zoologia

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“…Elevated metal concentrations in plant biomass likely will lead to consequences for other portions of food chains, as has been shown in metalpolluted environments (e.g., Roberts & Johnson 1978;Cheng et al 1984;van Straalen & van Wensem 1986;Hopkin 1989). Metals hyperaccumulated by plants may accumulate at upper trophic levels and therefore have high ''bioaccumulation indices''.…”

Section: Herbivory/disease/decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The significance of metal hyperaccumulation for biotic interactions

1998

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Metal hyperaccumulating plants contain very high metal contents. Because of the general toxicity of metals, chemically-mediated biotic interactions involving hyperaccumulating plants may differ greatly from those of non-hyperaccumulators. Recent research has demonstrated a defensive function for hyperaccumulated metals against herbivores and pathogens. We predict that some herbivore/pathogen species have evolved metal tolerance, and suggest that resulting high metal levels in herbivores/pathogens may defend them against their own predators. Little is known regarding interference and commensal interactions involving hyperaccumulating plants. Decreased competition may occur through an interference interaction similar to allelopathy, in which enrichment of metal in the soil under a hyperaccumulator plant's canopy may inhibit another plant species, thus resulting in ''elemental allelopathy''. Metal enrichment of soil under hyperaccumulators also may result in commensalism if another plant species (possibly another hyperaccumulator) derives a benefit from growing in the metal-enriched soil under the canopy of a hyperaccumulating overstory plant. It seems likely that high-metal plant litter will host a specialized microflora of decomposers and may affect nutrient cycling rates. Mutualist biotic interactions also may be affected by the elevated metal contents of hyperaccumulating species. Mycorrhizal fungi may form mutualisms with hyperaccumulators, but the phenomenon is poorly-explored. The few cases investigated to date have not detected mycorrhizae. Pollination and seed dispersal mechanisms may require biotic vectors that might be affected by plant metal content. Hyperaccumulating plants may have solved this dilemma in three ways. First, some may rely on abiotic vectors for pollen or seed dispersal. Second, biotic vectors used by these species may have varied diets and thus dilute metal intake to non-toxic levels. Finally, biotic vectors may have evolved tolerance of elevated dietary levels of metals, and perhaps have become specialists on hyperaccumulator species.

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“…Organochlorine insecticide residues have also been found in earthworms at levels known to cause toxicity in birds (Beyer and Gish 1980). High levels of lead (Beyer and Moore 1980) and cadmium (Culliney 1985) are taken up by phytophagous insects from host plants, and these metals may accumulate in insect (Giles et al 1973, Price et al 1974, O'Neill et al 1983) and vertebrate (Clark 1979, Cheng et al 1984 predators. Also, chlorinated hydrocarbons, including PCBs, have been found in aquatic insect consumers (Clements and Kawatski 1984) and predators (Cheng and Bidleman 1977).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chemically Contaminated Sewage Sludge On an Aphid Population

Culliney¹,

Pimentel²

1986

Ecology

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Survival and fecundity of green patch aphids, Myzus persicae, were markedly reduced when they were fed on collard plants grown in pots of soil treated with chemically contaminated sewage sludge, as compared to populations on potted plants grown in uncontaminated sludge or on fertilized soil (control). Calculated demographic parameters differed significantly between the contaminated sludge and uncontaminated sludge populations and between the contaminated sludge and control populations. No significant differences were detected between the uncontaminated sludge and control populations. The ecological effects on the aphids suggest that plant uptake and translocation of chemical from the contaminated sludge affected aphid fitness through direct toxicity and/or reduced nutritional value of the plant. These results indicate that phytophagous insects may be affected by chemical contaminants in sewage sludge used in agriculture.

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Cadmium in ocean-skaters, Halobates sericeus (Insecta), and in their seabird predators

Cited by 27 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of chronic dietary cadmium on MFO activity in male and female starlings(Sturnus vulgaris)

Effects of chronic dietary cadmium on MFO activity in male and female starlings(Sturnus vulgaris)

The significance of metal hyperaccumulation for biotic interactions

Effects of Chemically Contaminated Sewage Sludge On an Aphid Population

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