Cadmium

Kostial, Krista

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-092469-4.50009-1

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…Contamination of soil by heavy metal through fertilizers such as cadmium from phosphate fertilizers is catching the increasing attention of environmentalists (Kostial, 1977). Health hazards associated with heavy metals entering the food chain through soil is demanding attention.…”

Section: Accumulation Of Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Farming for Crop Improvement and Sustainable Agriculture in the Era of Climate Change

Roychowdhury¹,

Banerjee²,

Sofkova³

et al. 2013

OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences

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Sustainable development has caught the imagination and action of the world for more than a decade. Sustainable agriculture is necessary to attain the goal of sustainable development. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), sustainable agriculture is the successful management of resources to satisfy the changing human needs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of environment and conserving natural resources. All definitions of sustainable agriculture lay great emphasis on maintaining an agricultural growth rate, which can meet the demand for food of all living beings without draining the basic resources towards crop improvement. Organic farming is one of the several approaches found to meet the objectives of sustainable agriculture. Most of the techniques used in organic farming like intercropping, mulching and integration of crops and livestock are not alien to agriculture systems including the traditional agricultural practices. However, organic farming is based on various laws and certification programmes, which prohibit the use of almost all synthetic inputs and the central theme of this method is the health of soil. The adverse effects of modern agricultural practices on the farm and also on the health of living beings and thus on the environment has been well documented all over the world. Application of technology, particularly the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides all around us has persuaded people to think aloud. As a result of global climatic changes, their negative effects on the environment are manifested through soil erosion, water shortages, salination, soil contamination, genetic erosion, Organic farming is one of the widely used methods, which is thought as the best alternative to avoid the ill effects of chemical farming. It also has far more advantages over the conventional and other modern agricultural practices that are available today.

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Section: Accumulation Of Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Farming for Crop Improvement and Sustainable Agriculture in the Era of Climate Change

Roychowdhury¹,

Banerjee²,

Sofkova³

et al. 2013

OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences

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“…Humans are exposed to cadmium through food, water, air and particularly by cigarette smoke. It has unusually long half-life ($20 years) and accumulates in the body throughout life (Kostial 1986;Gerhardsson et al 2002). Part of the absorbed cadmium can also enters the central nervous system (CNS) (Falnoga et al 2000) where it can act as a neurotoxic agent by changing the activity of some enzymes and/or inducing oxidative stress, and may thus represent a risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases (Hidalgo et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metal binding of metallothioneins in human astrocytomas (U87 MG, IPDDC-2A)

et al. 2006

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Astroglia cells structurally and nutritionally support neurons in the central nervous system. They play an important role in guiding the construction of the nervous system and controlling the chemical and ionic environment of neurons. They also represent the major sites for accumulation and immobilisation of toxic metal ions most probably connected with metallothioneins. For this reason astroglia cells possess high cytosolic levels of metallothioneins I, II and III (MT-I,II,III). Our aim was to establish the inducibility and metal binding of MTs in two human astrocytoma cell lines, U87 MG (astrocytoma-glioblastoma, grade IV) and IPDDC-2A (astrocytoma, grade II), on exposure to cadmium chloride (1 microM). MTs were identified by molecular weight (size exclusion chromatography) and their metal content (Cd, Zn and Cu) to follow the interactions between metals. We showed that MTs are constitutively expressed in both human astrocytoma cell lines. In accordance with the higher malignancy grade of U87 MG, the amount of MTs was higher in U87 MG than in IPDDC-2A cells. After 24 hours of exposure to Cd their expression greatly increased in both cell lines and they were capable of immobilising almost all water soluble Cd. Induction of MTs in U87 MG cells was additionally followed up to 48 hours with exposure to different concentrations of CdCl(2) (1, 10 microM). Induction was a time dependent process throughout the period. Isoform III (identified by chromatographic separation of isoform III from I/II) was present at all exposure times, but only in traces with respect to the prevailing amounts of MT-I/II isoforms. So induction can be attributed to isoform I/II only.

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“…Although contamination of animal feed by toxic metals cannot be entirely avoided given the prevalence of these pollutants in the environment, there is a clear need for such contamination to be minimized, with the aim of reducing both direct effects on animal health and indirect effects on human health. Toxic effects of metals have been described in animals under relatively low levels of metal exposure [11,12] and one of …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%