Cadmium exposure on tissue-specific cadmium accumulation and alteration of hemoglobin expression in the 4th-instar larvae of Propsilocerus akamusi (Tokunaga) under laboratory conditions

A chromosome level genome assembly of Propsilocerus akamusi to understand its response to heavy metal exposure

“…The large larvae of P. akamusi are extensively distributed in many eutrophic lakes in subtropical and temperate zones and are believed to be a good indicator of ongoing eutrophication. In addition to adapting to eutrophication, P. akamusi larvae are highly tolerant to a range of adverse environmental conditions, including exposure to industrial by-products such as heavy metals (Zheng et al, 2017). Unfortunately, there have been few studies related to the heavy metal resistance described in this species.…”

“…Unfortunately, there have been few studies related to the heavy metal resistance described in this species. Previous works mainly focused on cadmium exposure, and only a small number of genes are currently known to be involved in the process of cadmium resistance or tolerance of P. akamusi (Zheng et al, 2011(Zheng et al, , 2017(Zheng et al, , 2018. In addition to cadmium accumulation in urban water, copper is another metal that is commonly used in industrial activities and treatment plants or as a preservative for wood, leather, or fabrics, and copper is likely to pollute aquatic ecosystems nearby.…”

Exploring and analyzing omics using bioinformatics tools and techniques

“…Invertebrate Hb functions similarly to vertebrate Hb such that it facilitates transfer of oxygen to breathing tissues from the environment (Ha & Choi, 2008). The Hb transcripts in Propsilocerus akamusi showed higher expression compared to control samples after exposure to a sub-lethal dose of Cd 2+ (2.4 mmol/L) at major Cd 2+ accumulation sites such as the epidermis (after 48 hrs exposure), gut (after 48, 72 hrs exposure) and malpighian tubules (after 48, 72 and 96 hrs exposure) (Zheng et al, 2017).…”

“…Hemoglobin (Hb) is present in a wide range of animals but is narrowly represented by large invertebrate taxa including insecta and crustacea (Zheng, Xu, Qin, Wu, & Wei, 2017). Invertebrate Hb functions similarly to vertebrate Hb such that it facilitates transfer of oxygen to breathing tissues from the environment (Ha & Choi, 2008).…”

“…Altered expression of Hb after Cd 2+ exposure was postulated as a likely response to meet increasing oxygen demand during xenobiotic metabolism (Zheng et al, 2017). Joseph R. have shown upregulation of 3 Hb transcripts in D. pulex after 48 hr exposure to sub-lethal dose of Cd 2+ at 20 µg/L.…”