Cadmium-containing quantum dots: properties, applications, and toxicity

Mo, Dan; Hu, Liang; Zeng, Guangming; Chen, Guiqiu; Wan, Jia; Yu, Zhigang; Huang, Zhenzhen; He, Kai; Zhang, Chen; Cheng, Min

doi:10.1007/s00253-017-8140-9

Cited by 121 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 202 publications

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“…The toxicity of first generation Cd‐based QDs has, for the most part, eliminated the potential for their use in human patients due to the high cytotoxicity of Cd 2+ , which can be released from QDs after administration . Depending on the stability and clearance of the QDs used, degradation‐associated toxicity may occur immediately or later during the chronic stage of the foreign body reaction as QDs disintegrate and release metal ions into the body.…”

Section: Biocompatibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatible Semiconductor Quantum Dots as Cancer Imaging Agents

et al. 2018

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Approximately 1.7 million new cases of cancer will be diagnosed this year in the United States leading to 600 000 deaths. Patient survival rates are highly correlated with the stage of cancer diagnosis, with localized and regional remission rates that are much higher than for metastatic cancer. The current standard of care for many solid tumors includes imaging and biopsy with histological assessment. In many cases, after tomographical imaging modalities have identified abnormal morphology consistent with cancer, surgery is performed to remove the primary tumor and evaluate the surrounding lymph nodes. Accurate identification of tumor margins and staging are critical for selecting optimal treatments to minimize recurrence. Visible, fluorescent, and radiolabeled small molecules have been used as contrast agents to improve detection during real-time intraoperative imaging. Unfortunately, current dyes lack the tissue specificity, stability, and signal penetration needed for optimal performance. Quantum dots (QDs) represent an exciting class of fluorescent probes for optical imaging with tunable optical properties, high stability, and the ability to target tumors or lymph nodes based on surface functionalization. Here, state-of-the-art biocompatible QDs are compared with current Food and Drug Administration approved fluorophores used in cancer imaging and a perspective on the pathway to clinical translation is provided.

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Section: Biocompatibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatible Semiconductor Quantum Dots as Cancer Imaging Agents

et al. 2018

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“…All these optoelectronic properties make QDs very useful for a number of applications in very different fields such as electroluminescent, photovoltaic, optoelectronic and electrochromic devices, light sources, light converters, photodetectors, bio‐sensing and bio‐imaging, among others …”

Section: Quantum Dots Structure and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[26] All these optoelectronic properties make QDs very useful for a number of applications in very different fields such as electroluminescent, photovoltaic, optoelectronic and electrochromic devices, light sources, light converters, photodetectors, bio-sensing and bio-imaging, among others. [11,12,[30][31][32][33][34] With respect to carbon QDs, those related with graphene are highly interesting. The UV/VIS absorption spectrum of graphene QDs (GQDs) shows two main peaks, one around 230 nm assigned to π-π* transition of C sp 2 bonds and a shoulder at about 300 nm related to n-π* transitions of C=O or CÀ O bonds.…”

Section: Quantum Dots Structure and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroelectrochemistry of Quantum Dots

Garoz‐Ruiz

Perales-Rondón

Heras

et al. 2019

Israel Journal of Chemistry

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Spectroelectrochemistry (SEC) is a set of techniques with many advantages in the study and characterization of materials. Although SEC has not yet been widely used to study quantum dots (QDs), the information extracted from SEC experiments about these nanostructures is very useful. Most of the works that use SEC to study QDs are high‐quality pieces of research. This review intends to show how to perform SEC in an easy way and what information can be obtained using these techniques. Most of the examples shown in this review are related to semiconductor and carbon QDs. After a brief introduction, some optoelectronic properties of QDs and the main SEC techniques are described. The capabilities of SEC for the study of QDs are illustrated with examples extracted from literature. Finally, the needs of SEC to become a user‐friendly technique and its evolution to become more powerful are commented in the last section of the review.

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“…However, these methods usually measure Cd content in whole piece of tissue, which could not indicate the distribution of Cd in cells or tissues clearly. Fluorescent probe has been applied in various field because of the high selectivity, high sensitivity and convenient detection . In this research, the Cd fluorescent probe was used initially for investigated Cd distribution in kidney tissue, and semi‐quantitative analysis of Cd probe fluorescent intensity in kidney was conducted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ex vivo detection of cadmium‐induced renal damage by using confocal Raman spectroscopy

Shen

et al. 2019

Journal of Biophotonics

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Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal which is harmful to environment and organisms. The reabsorption of Cd in kidney leads it to be the main damaged organ in animals under the Cd exposure. In this work, we applied confocal Raman spectroscopy to map the pathological changes in situ in normal and Cd‐exposed mice kidney. The renal tissue from Cd‐exposed group displayed a remarkable decreasing in the intensity of typical peaks related to mitochondria, DNA, proteins and lipids. On the contrary, the peaks of collagen in Cd‐exposed group elevated significantly. The components in each tissue were identified and distinguished by principal component analysis. Furthermore, all the biological investigations in this study were consistent with the Raman spectrum detection, which revealed the progression and degree of lesion induced by Cd. The confocal Raman spectroscopy provides a new perspective for in situ monitoring of substances changes in tissues, which exhibits more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of heavy metals in molecular toxicology.

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Cadmium-containing quantum dots: properties, applications, and toxicity

Cited by 121 publications

References 202 publications

Biocompatible Semiconductor Quantum Dots as Cancer Imaging Agents

Biocompatible Semiconductor Quantum Dots as Cancer Imaging Agents

Spectroelectrochemistry of Quantum Dots

Ex vivo detection of cadmium‐induced renal damage by using confocal Raman spectroscopy

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