Cadmium concentrations in human kidney in the UK: 1978-1993

Lyon, T. D. B.; Aughey, E.; Scott, Robert N.; Fell, Gordon S.

doi:10.1039/a901366k

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, Cd concentration in liver and kidneys of ethnic Greenlanders are comparable to those reported from Great Britain and Australia [30]. Nevertheless, a high variation in Cd levels in human kidneys in Great Britain has been attributed to interindividual differences in diet as well as absorption rates of Cd [31], which may reflect, to some degree, variations in BMR.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Tissue Cadmium Accumulation is Associated with Basal Metabolic Rate in Mice

Maciak

Włostowski

Salińska

et al. 2011

Biol Trace Elem Res

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The objective of this study was to examine relations between basal metabolic rate (BMR) and cadmium (Cd) accumulation in the liver, kidneys, and duodenum in mice. The 5-month-old mice selected for high (H) and low (L) BMR were exposed for 8 weeks to 0, 10, and 100 μg Cd/mL of drinking water. The H-BMR mice showed significantly higher concentrations of Cd in the liver (47-79%), kidneys (61-70%), and duodenum (74-100%) than L-BMR animals. The tissue Cd accumulation also positively correlated with the duodenal iron which, in turn, was positively associated with BMR (Spearman R (s) = 0.81, P = 0.0004). The data indicate that tissue accumulation of Cd in mice is linked to BMR; the correlation between tissue Cd and duodenal iron suggests an involvement of iron transport pathway in the accumulation of Cd.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Tissue Cadmium Accumulation is Associated with Basal Metabolic Rate in Mice

Maciak

Włostowski

Salińska

et al. 2011

Biol Trace Elem Res

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“…Of these 61 cases, 3.3% had cadmium ≥ 50 μg/g wet kidney cortex weight: the level considered to be at risk of toxicity. Similar result was seen in the analysis of kidney samples from 2700 persons collected nationwide over 16 years (1978)(1979)(1980)(1981)(1982)(1983)(1984)(1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993) in the United Kingdom (Lyon et al 1999). Overall mean kidney cadmium was 19 μg/g wet weight with 3.9% containing cadmium ≥ 50 μg/g kidney wet weight and mean kidney cadmium content in persons aged 40-59 years (peak-age group) was 23 μg/g wet weight (Lyon et al 1999).…”

Section: How Much Cadmium Is Accumulated In Human Body?supporting

confidence: 61%

Emerging Roles of Cadmium and Heme Oxygenase in Type-2 Diabetes and Cancer Susceptibility

Satarug

2012

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Many decades after an outbreak of severe cadmium poisoning, known as Itai-itai disease, cadmium continues to pose a significant threat to human health worldwide. This review provides an update on the effects of this environmental toxicant cadmium, observed in numerous populations despite modest exposure levels. In addition, it describes the current knowledge on the link between heme catabolism and glycolysis. It examines novel functions of heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2) that protect against type 2-diabetes and obesity, which have emerged from diabetic/obese phenotypes of the HO-2 knockout mouse model. Increased cancer susceptibility in type-2 diabetes has been noted in several large cohorts. This is a cause for concern, given the high prevalence of type-2 diabetes worldwide. A lifetime exposure to cadmium is associated with pre-diabetes, diabetes, and overall cancer mortality with sex-related differences in specific types of cancer. Liver and kidney are target organs for the toxic effects of cadmium. These two organs are central to the maintenance of blood glucose levels. Further, inhibition of gluconeogenesis is a known effect of heme, while cadmium has the propensity to alter heme catabolism. This raises the possibility that cadmium may mimic certain HO-2 deficiency conditions, resulting in diabetic symptoms. Intriguingly, evidence has emerged from a recent study to suggest the potential interaction and co-regulation of HO-2 with the key regulator of glycolysis: 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 4 (PFKFB4). HO-2 could thus be critical to a metabolic switch to cancer-prone cells because the enzyme PFKFB and glycolysis are metabolic requirements for cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis.

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“…According to other existing studies in Sweden [16], UK [17], and Australia [18], Cd accumulation in kidney and liver are generally below 20 μg/g wet weight. Although there is no data measuring Cd accumulation in renal cortex around the same period in Japan, the international comparison of the data used in the past studies [19] indicate that the Cd level among Japanese is about 1/2 of the international average.…”

Section: Cross-species Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 90%

High Cadmium Accumulation Among Humans and Primates: Comparison Across Various Mammalian Species—A Study from Japan

Koizumi

Murata

Hayashi

et al. 2007

Biol Trace Elem Res

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The majority of existing literature reports that cadmium (Cd) is toxic to humans and most living organisms. This paper reports the results of our study that measured Cd levels in the livers and kidneys of humans and other 50 mammalian species under normal conditions in Japan. The study tests the differences in the Cd concentrations across different mammalian species and sexes. Our results revealed that (1) there is a strong correlation between the Cd levels in the livers and kidneys across all examined species, (2) humans exhibit the highest Cd accumulation level in both organs, (3) primates also show a high Cd concentration at a level close to humans, (4) mice and rats show low Cd levels in both organs, indicating that humans accumulate about a few thousand times more Cd than mice and rats, and (5) the Cd concentration of female mammals is more than double of males for both organs. Our results indicate that these cross-sex as well as cross-species discrepancies cannot be explained by the difference in daily Cd intake. While further research is necessary to determine any potential role of Cd accumulation, we speculate that Cd plays some physiological function in the renal cortex of humans and primates.

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Cadmium concentrations in human kidney in the UK: 1978-1993

Cited by 36 publications

References 15 publications

Tissue Cadmium Accumulation is Associated with Basal Metabolic Rate in Mice

Tissue Cadmium Accumulation is Associated with Basal Metabolic Rate in Mice

Emerging Roles of Cadmium and Heme Oxygenase in Type-2 Diabetes and Cancer Susceptibility

High Cadmium Accumulation Among Humans and Primates: Comparison Across Various Mammalian Species—A Study from Japan

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