Cadmium, arsenic and lead accumulation in rice grains produced in Senegal river valley

Ndong, Moussa; Mise, Nathan; Okunaga, Masaki; Kayama, Fujio

doi:10.2131/fts.5.87

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These highest ranked countries are rice producers and import only marginal amounts of rice (low β), and consequently, most of the EHR in these countries are due to the domestic consumption of locally produced rice. The calculated values for total EHR for the highest consumers are in agreement with those estimated in previous studies for Bangladesh, Cambodia, the Republic of Korea, Thailand, China, Japan, and Senegal …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The calculated values for total EHR for the highest consumers are in agreement with those estimated in previous studies for Bangladesh, 28 Cambodia, 29 the Republic of Korea, 29 Thailand, 30 China, 31 Japan, 32 and Senegal. 33 Countries that depend more on imported rice are importing a substantial fraction of their total risk. For instance, the EHR j * for Kiribati (57:100,000), Solomon Islands (53:100,000), Vanuatu (33:100,000), Senegal (30:100,000), Oman (29:100,000), and the United Arab Emirates (29:100,000) indicate that these countries are the largest importers of embedded risk globally (Table 3).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Embedded Health Risk from Arsenic in Globally Traded Rice

Nunes

Chen

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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International food trade is fundamental to global food security but with often negative consequences in the producing country. We propose a method of quantifying flows of inorganic arsenic (iAs) and embedded increased lifetime cancer risks (EHR) at a global scale, where negative impacts are felt on the importing country. Computations were made for 153 countries. Vietnam exports the most iAs embedded in rice (796 kg/year) followed by India (788 kg/year), Thailand (485 kg/year), and the United States (323 kg/year). We show that continental China, Indonesia, and Malaysia have the highest imports of iAs (292, 174, and 123 kg/year, respectively). Bangladesh ranks highest in EHR followed by Vietnam and Cambodia (150, 141, and 111 per 100,000, respectively). Countries that depend exclusively on imported rice are importing a substantial amount of risk, as, e.g., Kiribati and Solomon Islands (57 and 53 per 100,000, respectively). We discuss the potential policy options for reducing population dietary health risks by well-balanced apportioning of rice sources. This study targets policy design solutions based on health gains, rather than on safe levels of the risk factor alone.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedded Health Risk from Arsenic in Globally Traded Rice

Nunes

Chen

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Among these respondents, 13.1% were aware of heavy metal contamination at the milling stage and felt that rice that is cooked and served could be contaminated by heavy metals (12.3%). Several studies have reported the presence of As, Cd and Pb in rice (Simon et al, 2016, Abtahi et al, 2017, Ndong et al, 2018.…”

Section: Knowledge Attitude and Practices Of Food Handlers On Heavy M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Food Handlers along the Rice Value Chain of Uganda

Namubiru¹,

Male²,

Mukisa³

et al. 2022

JFI

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Food handlers play a critical role in controlling food contamination from “farm to fork”. Therefore, inadequate knowledge, poor attitudes and improper practices by food handlers pose a serious challenge to food safety. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of food handlers along the rice value chain of Uganda with the view of understanding factors that influence contamination of rice with aflatoxins, heavy metals and pesticides. A cross-sectional study, using a structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews with 252 respondents was conducted in Butaleja, Gulu, Hoima, Kampala, Mutukula, Mbale and Mbarara districts. Categorical data was expressed as frequencies and percentages. The unique predictors of the KAP of rice handlers were defined using multivariate linear regression analysis. About 221 (87.7%) food handlers knew about the occurrence and causes of aflatoxins contamination in rice. Changes in colour (81.7%) and a musty smell (82.9%) were perceived to indicate the presence of aflatoxins. The main pre- and post-harvest aflatoxin preventative practices identified were growing resistant rice varieties (82.9%) and proper drying (79.8%). Food handlers were generally not knowledgeable (73.4%) about heavy metal contamination in rice. All food handlers used pesticides; however, 68.3% had never received formal training in pesticide use. Majority (86.1%) of food handlers were aware of the harmful effects of pesticides but on the contrary, this did not significantly change their practices towards safe pesticide use. At multivariate level, education was the unique predictor for aflatoxins and heavy metal contamination. Pesticide contamination was mainly influenced by district of residence. Therefore, appropriate educational programs organized to train food handlers can promote food safety in the rice value chain of Uganda. Interventions by regulatory agencies to strengthen enforcement of laws related to contaminants through regular surveillance at the farm and retail outlets are necessary to ensure compliance by food handlers.

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“…Similar to pesticides, human exposure to arsenic can be high when rice is a staple food. There is not much evidence as to the presence of heavy metals in Senegal waters or its accumulation in rice grains; one study, however, has found that it is below the recommended maximum content (Ndong et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The role of small and medium agrifood enterprises in food systems transformation: the case of rice processors in Senegal

2021

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The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO.

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Cadmium, arsenic and lead accumulation in rice grains produced in Senegal river valley

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Embedded Health Risk from Arsenic in Globally Traded Rice

Embedded Health Risk from Arsenic in Globally Traded Rice

Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Food Handlers along the Rice Value Chain of Uganda

The role of small and medium agrifood enterprises in food systems transformation: the case of rice processors in Senegal

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