Cadmium Accumulation and Its Histological Effect on Brain and Skeletal Muscle of Zebrafish

Abstract

Acute toxicity of cadmium (Cd) to zebrafish (Danio rerio) was studied. The 24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC50 values (with 95% confidence limits) estimated by probit analysis were 16.73 (20.03-13.98), 12.88 (14.96-11.08), 11.46 (13.21-9.94), 9.68 (11.12-8.43) mg L -1 , respectively. To determine the accumulation and cyto-toxicity of Cd on the brain and skeletal muscle of zebrafish, specimens of zebrafish were exposed to three concentrations of cadmium (0.65 mg Cd L -1 , C1; 0.97 mg Cd L -1 , C2; and 1.94 mg Cd L -1 , C3 (corresponding to 1/15th, 1/10th and 1/5th of 96 h LC50), respectively for 25 days. The concentration of Cd in the fish tissue was detected by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Tissue alterations of brain and skeletal muscle were observed under light microscope. Cadmium concentrations of the treated fishes showed a significantly exponential increase over time and peaked at Day 25. In term of histomorphology of brain and skeletal muscle, obvious tissue chaos was noticed in the treated fishes compared to the control group. This mess clearly appeared at Day 25 at C3 in the brain where the tissue showed different extents of granule cell loss, degeneration of Purkinje cells, aggregation area of gliosis and many areas of necrosis. Ultra-structural damage of moderate or low levels was observed in the fishes at C1 and C3 after 5 days and C1 after 25 days of treatment. In the skeletal muscle at 25 days of C3 treatment, different degrees of swelling and high necrosis were observed. This indicates that a defense mechanism was started with the accumulation of metal Cd in the tissues over time. Thus, the information provided in this study may be very useful for the deep understanding of the mechanisms of Cd stress in fish.

Cadmium Toxicity-Induced Oxidative Stress and Genotoxic Effects on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) Fish: The Protective Role of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Seeds

“…In agree with the present work, Abbas et al (2007) and Al-sawafi et al (2017) observed that Cd exposure resulted in many histopathological alterations in fish gills, liver, and muscles. In the current work, after FN-only (crude or extract) supplementation to fish, the observed histopathological lesions may be due to the presence of saponins in FN.…”

Oxidative stress and apoptotic effects of copper and cadmium in the zebrafish liver cell line ZFL

“…This finding contrasted with that in whole zebrafish and other species [ 56 ]. Previous studies have reported the following LC 50 values of Cu 2+ and Cd 2+ for various species: adult zebrafish, 0.99 μM and 86.1 μM (96-h exposure) [ 57 , 53 ]; kutum ( Rutilus frisii kutum ) fingerlings, 11.6 μM and 211 μM (24-h exposure) [ 58 ]; Artemia urmiana , 470 μM and 703 μM (24-h exposure) [ 59 ]; Rasbora sumatrana (Cyprinidae), 0.852 μM and 12.8 μM (24-h exposure) [ 60 ]; and Poecilia reticulata (guppy) (Poeciliidae), 5.49 μM and 73.0 μM (24-h exposure) [ 60 ], respectively. The higher Cu 2+ tolerance compared with Cd 2+ tolerance found in ZFL was probably because ZFL is a cell line of liver origin, an organ responsible for Cu 2+ elimination.…”

Determination of oxidative, genotoxic, and histopathologic effects of metal pollution on the fish fauna inhabiting Karasu River, Turkey

“…This alters the physiological functions of the fish. Al-sawafi et al (2017) reported that Cd exposure caused severe damage to the fish brain, with degeneration of Purkinje cells and necrosis which could subsequently affect normal physiological activities. Bose et al (2013) reported that a various pathologies such as degeneration in cerebral tissues, losses in the nissl structures, expansion, atrophy, necrosis and congestion in pyramidal cells and axon, as well as dilatation in meningeal ducts, and infiltration in mononuclear cells were observed in Catla catla species exposed to Cu and Fe.…”