“…The absence of E-cadherin in cancer leads to metastasis and diffusion ( 31 ), and activation of several EMT transcription factors, such as Twist and β-catenin ( 32 ). A significant characteristic of the EMT is the occurrence of ‘cadherin alteration’, in which there is a decrease in E-cadherin expression and an increase in N-cadherin expression ( 33 ). N-cadherin serves as a marker for active EMT, and its abnormal expression is strongly linked to multiple facets of malignant tumor advancement, including transformation, adhesion, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis ( 34 ).…”