Cadherin is involved in the action of Bacillus thuringiensis toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Aa in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua

Qiu, Lin; Leilei, Hou; Zhang, Boyao; Liü, Lang; Li, Bo; Deng, Peng; Ma, Weihua; Wang, Xiaoping; Fabrick, Jeffrey A.; Chen, Lizhen; Lei, Chaoliang

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2015.02.009

Cited by 66 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Although cadherin is a crucial receptor in lepidopterans, including S. exigua 23, we did not identify cadherin as a receptor in this study. This could be because LC-MS technology is relatively insensitive to proteins that are not abundant; we found that cadherin was not abundant in a previous study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…A method similar to a recently described protocol23 was used to produce recombinant proteins. Briefly, PCR products were purified with Wizard PCR Preps DNA Purification System (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) and double digested with FastDigest restriction enzymes (Fermentas, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) for 10 min at 37 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although some studies suggest that S. exigua is less sensitive to Cry2Aa/b than to Cry1B, Cry1C or other toxins1819, Bt crops producing both Cry1Ac and Cry2Aa/b (Cry2Ab in the case of cotton) are predicted to be more resistant to S. exigua , and several other lepidopteran pests, than those currently cultivated in China which produce only Cry1Ac315202122. However, except for cadherin23, little is known about the receptor proteins that mediate the toxicity of the Cry2A subfamily of proteins in the Lepidoptera.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Proteomic analysis of Cry2Aa-binding proteins and their receptor function in Spodoptera exigua

Qiu

Zhang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis produces Crystal (Cry) proteins that are toxic to a diverse range of insects. Transgenic crops that produce Bt Cry proteins are grown worldwide because of their improved resistance to insect pests. Although Bt “pyramid” cotton that produces both Cry1A and Cry2A is predicted to be more resistant to several lepidopteran pests, including Spodoptera exigua, than plants that produce Cry1Ac alone, the mechanisms responsible for the toxicity of Cry2Aa in S. exigua are not well understood. We identified several proteins that bind Cry2Aa (polycalin, V-ATPase subunits A and B, actin, 4-hydroxybutyrate CoA-transferase [4-HB-CoAT]), and a receptor for activated protein kinase C (Rack), in S. exigua. Recombinant, expressed versions of these proteins were able to bind the Cry2Aa toxin in vitro assays. RNA interference gene knockdown of the Se-V-ATPase subunit B significantly decreased the susceptibility of S. exigua larvae to Cry2Aa, whereas knockdown of the other putative binding proteins did not. Moreover, an in vitro homologous competition assay demonstrated that the Se-V-ATPase subunit B binds specifically to the Cry2Aa toxin, suggesting that this protein acts as a functional receptor of Cry2Aa in S. exigua. This the first Cry2Aa toxin receptor identified in S. exigua brush-border membrane vesicles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Proteomic analysis of Cry2Aa-binding proteins and their receptor function in Spodoptera exigua

Qiu

Zhang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Furthermore, given that Cry1A and Cry2A bind to different sites in the larval midgut of pink bollworm1516, it is unlikely that mutations affecting a single toxin-binding protein can confer resistance to both toxins in this pest31. In Spodoptera exigua , however, both Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab bind to midgut cadherin39.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Toxin Resistance Enables Pink Bollworm Survival on Pyramided Bt Cotton

Fabrick

Unnithan

Yelich

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins kill key insect pests, providing economic and environmental benefits. However, the evolution of pest resistance threatens the continued success of such Bt crops. To delay or counter resistance, transgenic plant “pyramids” producing two or more Bt proteins that kill the same pest have been adopted extensively. Field populations of the pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) in the United States have remained susceptible to Bt toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab, but field-evolved practical resistance to Bt cotton producing Cry1Ac has occurred widely in India. Here we used two rounds of laboratory selection to achieve 18,000- to 150,000-fold resistance to Cry2Ab in pink bollworm. Inheritance of resistance to Cry2Ab was recessive, autosomal, conferred primarily by one locus, and independent of Cry1Ac resistance. We created a strain with high resistance to both toxins by crossing the Cry2Ab-resistant strain with a Cry1Ac-resistant strain, followed by one selection with Cry2Ab. This multi-toxin resistant strain survived on field-collected Bt cotton bolls producing both toxins. The results here demonstrate the risk of evolution of resistance to pyramided Bt plants, particularly when toxins are deployed sequentially and refuges are scarce, as seen with Bt cotton and pink bollworm in India.

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“…In H. armigera, resistance was associated with recessive cadherin mutations in filed populations of cotton bollworm (Zhang et al, 2012). In Sexigua, resistance to Cry1Ac and Cry2Aa was related to cadherin gene (Qiu et al, 2015).…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms Of Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to Bt Crops; Influence, mechanisms and management strategies

Elzaki¹

2016

Biotechnol. Mol. Biol. Rev.

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The genetically engineered insect-resistant crops, Bt crops, were first commercially grown in 1996 and adopted in different countries. The economic benefits of Bt crops are reducing the use of insecticides and more safe to environment, however, development of resistance by insects might reduce their efficacy. Unfortunately, the field population evolved resistance to different Bt toxins and the number of resistant species is going to increase, which threat the continuous success of Bt crops. Thus, understanding the Bt resistance mechanisms, including the molecular basis of resistance is important for well-resistance control in Bt crops. This review paper displayed the mechanisms of insect pests resistance to Bt crops and appropriate strategies to delay and manage the resistance in Bt crops.

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Cadherin is involved in the action of Bacillus thuringiensis toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Aa in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua

Cited by 66 publications

References 79 publications

Proteomic analysis of Cry2Aa-binding proteins and their receptor function in Spodoptera exigua

Proteomic analysis of Cry2Aa-binding proteins and their receptor function in Spodoptera exigua

Multi-Toxin Resistance Enables Pink Bollworm Survival on Pyramided Bt Cotton

Resistance to Bt Crops; Influence, mechanisms and management strategies

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