Cadenas agroalimentarias territoriales. Tensiones y aprendizajes desde el sector lácteo de la Amazonía ecuatoriana

Co-Evolution and Bio-Social Construction: The Kichwa Agroforestry Systems (Chakras) in the Ecuadorian Amazonia

“…Closeness of those interactions is an aspect increasingly infrequently found in contemporary food relationships [80]. All of these elements are particularly relevant in a context of dramatic changes in landscape and land use in the EAR, which are a consequence of the extension of other patterns of colonisation and specifically the result of the expansion of livestock activity [14]. In any case, chakra, as a (co)evolving system, is far from any steady state.…”

“…Under any circumstances, not all expansion of the agricultural frontier can equally be considered in socio-economic and environmental terms. Namely, it is not the same in social and environmental terms, the expansion of the agrarian frontier supported by colonists and livestock which have several environmental impacts, particularly in terms of erosion [4,14], than the territorial expansion of chakra's systems.…”

“…In fact, colonisation, land distribution, deforestation and the extension of the agrarian frontier have proceeded in parallel [13]. Moreover, the model of the colonist economy and land use is centred on the development of livestock activities that has relevant environmental effects [4,14].…”

“…Indigenous systems of agrarian production are based on agroforestry farms (chakras or swollen gardens). An understanding of the operation of the indigenous agroforestry systems is essential in the context of rapid deforestation and a potentially high loss of biodiversity [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. In the sense, some of the basic traits of Amazonian ecosystems could be modified as the result of their adaptation to changing socio-environmental conditions [21,22].…”

Sistema agroalimentario de la palma aceitera del Sur del Lago de Maracaibo. I. Análisis del entorno

“…El elemento territorial, se constituye en un factor de suma importancia en el desarrollo de las relaciones entre los componentes de la cadena agroalimentaria, principalmente, por el rol que cumplen los productores al generar procesos de captura de valor para sus productos, en la medida que éstos puedan producir alimentos diferenciados basados en la calidad, en los métodos de producción empleados, en el uso e identidad del espacio rural y natural de la localidad, entre los aspectos más relevantes (Ríos, Benítez y Soria, 2016). De esta manera, la producción de palma aceitera en el sur del lago de Maracaibo, puede ser visualizada bajo el enfoque de los sistemas agroalimentarios, y las cadenas agroalimentarias insertas en estos.…”