Cadaverine: A Potent Modulator of Plants Against Abiotic Stresses

Abstract

Environmental stresses are a major threat for agricultural productivity. But certain biotic and abiotic stresses like salinity and heavy metals, especially cadmium and lead are the main cause of soil degradation and inhibit germination, speed of germination, dry mass accumulation, photosynthetic pigments due to perturbed physiochemical processes resulting decline in growth and related metabolites. Salinity possesses a negative impact on plant growth as it causes plant intoxication and osmotic stress which interferes with the crop development. While heavy metals inhibit nitrate reductase activity and decrease organic nitrogen and protein contents. Their higher concentrations can severely distress the growth of plant and biomass yield. The dynamic approaches of PA’s are demonstrated in all the disciplines like plant sciences, human health and microbiology. Despite their important contributions in research, still some areas remain least explored like the action of polyamines in plant stress physiology and its future practical applications. Cadaverine (Cad), a structurally different diamine which has an independent biosynthetic pathway also comes under the family of polyamines. It improves crop salt tolerance; improvise heavy metal stress, acts as a plant growth regulator that further activates antioxidant defense system and it intensely upholds the stressed plant growth through preserving the metabolites.

The Chemical Environment at Maturation Stage in Pinus spp. Somatic Embryogenesis: Implications in the Polyamine Profile of Somatic Embryos and Morphological Characteristics of the Developed Plantlets

“…In addition, in the same species, Cad inhibited primary root growth, and it was related to skewing, waving, and lateral root formation (Strohm et al, 2015). Moreover, it is possible to study the relationship of the Cad content with future stress experiments in Pinus, knowing that the Cad can improve the tolerance of abiotic stress in several species with an overexpression of the genes responsible for stress tolerance (Rajpal and Tomar, 2020). Furthermore, differences between PAs contents were reported as important in SE.…”

Enhancement of lysine biosynthesis confers high-temperature stress tolerance to Escherichia coli cells

“…For instance, some marine bacteria, plants, and animals induce the genes involved in the saccharopine pathway in response to environmental stresses for the degradation of lysine to AAA (Arruda and Barreto 2020 ). Although E. coli cells catabolize lysine via cadaverine and do not carry the genes responsible for the degradation of lysine to AAA, cadaverine confers stress tolerance to bacterial and plant cells (Kang et al 2007 ; Rajpal and Tomar 2020 ).…”

Global leaf and root transcriptome in response to cadmium reveals tolerance mechanisms in Arundo donax L

“…Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous low molecular weight aliphatic cations that are present in all organisms; the major PAs in plants are putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, and to a lesser extent, cadaverine. Cadaverine, a structurally different diamine, has an independent biosynthetic pathway as it is synthesized from lysine by lysine decarboxylase (LDC) [ 60 ]. Agmatine deiminase catalyzes the hydrolysis of agmatine into N-carbamoylputrescine in the arginine decarboxylase (ADC) pathway of putrescine biosynthesis.…”