Cadaveric Study of the Arterial Anatomy of the Upper Lip

Mağden, Orhan; Edizer, Mete; Atabey, Atay; Tayfur, Volkan; Ergur, Ipek

doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000131876.45116.77

Cited by 46 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Compensation is usually provided, not by one, but by several arteries (Mitz et al, 1973;Piggot et al, 1987;Niranjan, 1988;Park et al, 1994;Nakajima et al, 2002;Magden et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Anatomic study of the blood supply of perioral region

2005

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The use of flaps to reconstruct lip defects requires detailed knowledge of the local vasculature. New flaps for surgery around the mouth can be devised if the surgeon knows the distribution of the perioral arterial branches. Examination of the anatomy of perioral branches of the facial artery (FA) confirmed the consistent presence of septal and alar branches in the upper lip and a labiomental branch in the lower lip. Mucosal flaps from the upper lip based on the deep septal branch or the alar branch of the FA can be used to restore lower lip defects. A composite flap from the lower lip supplied by the labiomental branch of the FA can be used to restore combined defects of the upper lip and nose or partial defects of the lower lip. We studied the vascular anatomy of the perioral region in 25 cadaver dissections. Fixation was by 10% formaldehyde solution. Red latex was injected into the common carotid arteries before dissection. In the 50 specimens, the primary supplying vessels were identified and the size and distribution of the vessels were investigated. The FA was symmetrical in 17 (68%) of 25 heads. It terminated as an angular facial vessel in 11 (22%), as a nasal facial vessel in 30 (60%), as an alar vessel in six (12%), and as a superior labial vessel in two (4%) facial halves. It terminated as a hypoplastic type of FA in one (2%) facial half. The average external diameter of the superior labial artery (SLA) was 1.6 mm (min-max: 0.6-2.8 mm) at its origin. The origin of the SLA was superior to the angle of the mouth in 34 of 47 specimens (72.3%), and at the angle of the mouth in 13 of 47 specimens (27.7%). In two of the remaining three specimens, the SLA was the continuation of the FA and the other was of the hypoplastic type. The SLA supplied the columellar branches in all specimens except for the hypoplastic type (49 specimens). Columellar branches were classified according to their number and their type. In five specimens (10%) the inferior labial artery (ILA) was not found. In the other specimens, the site of origin of the ILA varied between the lower margin of the mandible and the corner of the mouth. Its external diameter measured min-max: 0.5-1.5 mm. The ILA arose from the FA above the angle of mouth in 4 specimens (8%), inferior to the angle of mouth in 11 specimens (22%), and at angle of mouth in 30 specimens (60%). We observed that the labiomental arteries, which formed anastomoses between the FA, ILA, and submental artery, showed variations in their course in the labiomental region. We suggest that knowledge of the location of arteries with respect to easily identifiable landmarks will help to avoid complications at surgery.

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“…Compensation is usually provided, not by one, but by several arteries (Mitz et al, 1973;Piggot et al, 1987;Niranjan, 1988;Park et al, 1994;Nakajima et al, 2002;Magden et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Anatomic study of the blood supply of perioral region

2005

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“…The peculiarities of prenatal development of the craniofacial region have always been an acute topic for research and discussion [1,7,9,12]. The formation of the UL and palate is known to be a complicated process which is composed of a series of highly coordinated steps during tissue morphogenesis.…”

Section: Main Partmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relying on fundamental works of human facial embryogenesis it is possible to understand a detailed step-by-step pathway of the UL development using the Carnegie staging system (CSS) for human embryos [1,7,9,12,[17][18][19][20][21][22]. At stage 11 (the 24 th day of gestation), according to the CSS, the stomodeum (primitive mouth) is separated rostrally by the developing forebrain and caudally by the developing maxillary arches; the UP is not found yet.…”

Section: Peculiarities Of the Upper Lip Morphogenesis And Its Relatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the O. Magden, et al (2004), about 30% of the labial arteries have a unilateral origin. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct preoperative examination of the vascular system before any microsurgical repair of the lips [12].…”

Section: Peculiarities Of the Upper Lip Morphogenesis And Its Relatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Ukraine, from 420 to 450 children with CLP are born annually. Over 300 Mendelian syndromes in humans include CLP as a part of the phenotype [12,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peculiarities of the Upper Lip Morphogenesis and Its Relation to Facial Development

et al. 2017

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An appreciation of the fundamental principles associated with the development of the craniofacial structures is essential for attaining competency within the fields of facial surgery, dentistry and pediatrics. The objective of this literature review was to highlight the main stages and precise time ranges of human upper lip development, as well as to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms of normal morphogenesis and possible congenital malformations. The structures of the head and neck arise from the lateral portion of the neural tube, which forms five pairs of branchial arches. Recent studies have identified various molecular pathways (including Bmp, Fgf and Shh signaling) and genetic mechanisms in human face development. Primordial structures of the upper lip begin to appear early within the 6th week of ontogenesis; their development involves a number of highly coordinated, genetically programmed ontogenetic mechanisms that include growth and expansion of the facial prominences, programmed cell death, active fusion and breakdown of the epithelial seam between the initially freely maxillary, medial nasal, and lateral nasal processes. Defects of epithelial and mesenchymal fusion during upper lip formation result in orofacial cleft. Further research should be directed to studying normal ontogenesis at the molecular and topographical levels with the determination of critical periods, time ranges and developmental stages that are sensitive to teratogens.

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Jaw and Lips

Lieshout¹,

H.H.M.²

2015

The Handbook of Speech Production

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Cadaveric Study of the Arterial Anatomy of the Upper Lip

Cited by 46 publications

References 4 publications

Anatomic study of the blood supply of perioral region

Anatomic study of the blood supply of perioral region

Peculiarities of the Upper Lip Morphogenesis and Its Relation to Facial Development

Jaw and Lips

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