Cadaver Femur Responses to Longitudinal Impacts

Powell, William R.; Ojala, Steven J.; Advani, S. H.; Martin, R. Bruce

doi:10.4271/751160

Cited by 50 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The study was also limited to a rigid interface condition. Although this type of interface was used by Powell et al (26), whose data largely serve as the basis for the current criterion for injury, occupants of automobiles commonly interact with more deformable structures. During this more typical situation, some portion of the contact load might be supported by structures surrounding the patella, such as the femoral condyles (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the peak contact loads at fracture are compared with the criterion for bone fracture, there is a difference of approximately 3 kN. Because the criterion for injury was based on studies using seated cadavers, those impact loads also resulted in inertial acceleration of the specimen (22,25,26). More energy was used to actually deform tissues in the current experiments on isolated joints.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although a rigid impact interface does not model the energyabsorbing characteristics of an instrument panel. this surface provided baseline results that could be compared with those of previous studies (13,26).The impact mass was selected on the basis of a previous study (13). The resonant frequency of the load cell with the impact interface attached was 1.333 Hz.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The criterion for injury to the knee due to contact with the instrument panel is 10 kN, which is based on measured forces to the femur in an anthropomorphic dummy (24). This criterion was determined by contact forces to the knee that caused fracture of the femur or a split fracture of the patella in seated human cadavers (22,25,26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Subfracture insult to the human cadaver patellofemoral joint produces occult injury

Atkinson

Haut

1995

Journal Orthopaedic Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current criterion used by the automotive industry for injury to the lower extremity is based on visible bone fracture. Studies suggest, however, that chronic joint degeneration may occur after subfracture impact loads on the knee. We hypothesized that subfracture loading of the patellofemoral joint could result in previously undocumented microtrauma in areas of high contact pressure. In the current study, seven patellofemoral joints from human cadavers were subjected to impact with successively greater energy until visible fracture was noted. Transverse and comminuted fractures of the patella were noted at 6.7 kN of load. Approximately 45% of the impact energy then was delivered to the contralateral joint. Subfracture loads of 5.2 kN resulted in no gross bone fracture in five of seven specimens. Histological examination of the patellae horizontal split fracture in the subchondral bone, at the tidemark, or at the interface of calcified cartilage and subchondral bone. The trauma appeared predominantly on the lateral facet, adjacent to or directly beneath preexisting fibrillation of the articular surface. Surface fibrillation was noted in histological sections of control patellae (not subjected to impact loading), but occult damages were not observed. Although the mechanism of this occult trauma is unknown, similar damage has been shown to occur from direct shear loading. As these microcracks can potentiate a disease process in the joint, this study may suggest that the current criterion for injury, based on bone fracture alone, is not sufficiently conservative.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Subfracture insult to the human cadaver patellofemoral joint produces occult injury

Atkinson

Haut

1995

Journal Orthopaedic Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The corresponding measurement in the ATD only measures the force through the ATD femur. The surrounding flesh was selected for THUMS to better correlate with the original experimental tests conducted to determine femur injury tolerance (Melvin et al, 1975;Powell et al, 1975). The addition of the flesh increased the measured femur load by 5.2% in our initial injury metric testing.…”

Section: Injury Metric Assessment In Thumsmentioning

confidence: 99%