Caboxymetylcellulose/Gelatin Blends Loaded with Piroxicam: Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of in Vitro Release Profile

Abstract

Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) exhibiting analgesic and antipiretic properties and widely used in the management of chronic diseases. Associated with these use, there are registers of adverse reactions. Microparticle formulations in hydrogel matrix can be used to form a semi-permeable barrier which enables their actions and can reduce the effects. This work presents a study on the effect of gelatin/carboxymethyl cellulose (Gel/CMC) semi-IPN matrix composition on the retention and kinetic behavior of releasing this drug. The microparticles were obtained through the emulsion-crosslinking method using 2 3 factorial planning and the piroxicam was added as solid particles. In order to characterize the interaction between matrix-active agent and quantification of the drug, the following techniques were applied: SEM, DSC and XRD. SEM micrographs revealed microparticles with regular and spherical shape and that in some compositions the drug is partially absorbed and not encapsulated. Beyond that DSC and XRD analyses indicate that the piroxicam remained in the matrixes, maintains the same crystalline form. The factorial planning analysis indicated that matrix obtained a maximum encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of 10.64% and became possible to create a response surface graph using a EE% as answer. In addition to this, release kinetics analyses demonstrated that the release process seems to be governed by distinctly kinetic models, considering the composition of the sample. In some samples the release can be driven by Fickinianan diffusion, others by anomalous transport or swelling.

When Nothing Turns Itself Inside out and Becomes Something: Coating Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Spheres with Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles vs. the Other Way Around

“…With the addition of HAp onto PLGA spheres, the value of the Korsmeyer–Peppas coefficient, n , decreased from 0.634 to 0.607 ( Figure 5 d), indicating a more Fickian diffusion through which vancomycin gets released from the composite particles and into the solution. The Korsmeyer–Peppas coefficient, in general, is indicative of the release mechanism, suggesting an ideal, Fickian diffusional process for n = 0.45 in spherical particles [ 53 ]. With an increase in n , the diffusion becomes less Fickian and more anomalous.…”

Development of Controlled-Release Solid Dispersion Granules Containing a Poorly Water-Soluble Drug, Porous Calcium Silicate, and the Water-Soluble Polymer Polyvinylpyrrolidone

“…Meanwhile, 0.43<n<0.85 indicates a non-Fickian mechanism, an anomalous behavior corresponding to polymer hydration, solvent penetration, drug dissolution, and polymer erosion. A value of n=0.85 indicates a zero-order release mechanism (case II transport mechanism) [37][38][39][40]. The values of n ranged 0.49-0.59 in this study.…”