Cable modelling comparison for twisted-pair copper plant in malaysia

Abstract

For over two decades, digital subscriber line (DSL) technology has played an important role in bridging the information highway from Malaysia to the rest of the world. Current copper twisted pair cables deployed to the customer premises in Malaysia are mainly consist of Category 3 copper cables which are meant to operate only up to 16 MHz frequency. The new gigabit fast access to subscriber terminals (G.fast) standard aims to operate beyond ADSL2+ (less than 2 MHz) and VDSL (less than 30 MHz) which G.fast can operates up to 106 MHz frequency, thus a study need to be done to characterize the existing copper cables to observe whether the current copper cable can support the new standard at a shorter distances (below 250 meters). Scattering Parameters (4 port S-Parameters) measurements on the Telekom Malaysia's (TM) twisted-pair copper cable were done to obtain the channel transfer function or the insertion loss of the cable up until 350 MHz. The cable bundle contains 50 pairs of twisted pair copper cable with FullyFilled cable construction which is meant to be used for underground cabling. Based on the transfer function measurement, 3 cable models, the RLCG, the TNO 6-Parameters and the MAR models were selected to be curve fitted to the measured result to get the best fit for the transfer function. The curve fitted models will then be used to predict the maximum achievable attainable rate for G.fast technology at 106 MHz. This paper will attempt to do a benchmarking for the available cable model to best represent the TM's twisted pair cable in terms of channel transfer function.

Design Analysis and Evaluation of a W-Element Model for a Twisted-Pair Cable

“…By substituting the effective cross-sectional area of the conductor that is shown in Fig. 6(b) in (11), AC resistance of the conductor is obtained as (14):…”

“…Modeling of the twisted pair cables was thoroughly investigated in the literature. Some models have been extracted experimentally based on the S-parameter [11][12][13][14][15][16] or time-domain measurements [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. The main disadvantage of the experimental models is that all measurements must be repeated even only by changing one of the cable parameters.…”

Impact of twisting rate in 10 pairs of unshielded twisted-pair copper cables on insertion loss and crosstalk coupling for G.fast technology

“…This technology is then further improved to high-bit-rate DSL (HDSL) in 1998, to asymmetric DSL (ADSL) in 1999, to ADSL 2 (ADSL2) in 2002, to ADSL 2+ (ADSL2+) in 2003, to very high speed DSL (VDSL) in 2004, to VDSL2 in 2006, to VDSL2 with vectoring (VDSL2 vectoring) in 2010 and the latest is ultrafast DSL called gigabit fast access to subscriber terminal (G.fast) in 2014 [4][5][6]. The evolution of DSL technology is to improve Internet access Basically, G.fast technology can support data transferring up to 1 Gbps that is similar to data transmission rate over the fiber cable (optical transmission) [7][8], the maximum bandwidth of around 106 MHz or 212 MHz and the transmission distance up to around 250 m from the distribution point DP to the subscriber's premise [9][10][11]. In addition, this technology provides a hybrid method to telecommunication service operators, where the connectivity after the DP is completed by utilizing the existing twisted-pair copper cable that is previously used for a phone line and ADSL2+ [9].…”

“…The evolution of DSL technology is to improve Internet access Basically, G.fast technology can support data transferring up to 1 Gbps that is similar to data transmission rate over the fiber cable (optical transmission) [7][8], the maximum bandwidth of around 106 MHz or 212 MHz and the transmission distance up to around 250 m from the distribution point DP to the subscriber's premise [9][10][11]. In addition, this technology provides a hybrid method to telecommunication service operators, where the connectivity after the DP is completed by utilizing the existing twisted-pair copper cable that is previously used for a phone line and ADSL2+ [9]. Figure 1 shows the target installation area of G.fast technology.…”

“…Figure 1 shows the target installation area of G.fast technology. Although G.fast has the capability of carrying 1 Gbps aggregated data [7,9], the speed of upstream and downstream data is however highly dependent on the cable parameters like attenuation (insertion loss) and crosstalk coupling [10]. In general, insertion loss increases as either frequency or cable length increases.…”