Cabergoline-Induced Hypoprolactinemia May Attenuate Cardiometabolic Effects of Atorvastatin: A Pilot Study

Krysiak, Robert; Kowalcze, Karolina

doi:10.1159/000527333

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Evidence showed that nuclear receptor REV‐ERBα modulated TH expression through binding to the TH promoter. REV‐ERBα is a direct transcriptional target of BMAL1 that is suppressed in the Bmal1‐KO brain 37 . Therefore, Bmal1 deficiency will decrease REV‐ERBα and TH expression and finally attenuate DA production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…REV-ERBα is a direct transcriptional target of BMAL1 that is suppressed in the Bmal1-KO brain. 37 Therefore, Bmal1 deficiency will decrease REV-ERBα and TH expression and finally attenuate DA production. On the other hand, a recent study revealed that Bmal1 deletion rendered the neurons more vulnerable to oxidative stress, which specifically manifested as TH neuron loss and cell-autonomous dopaminergic neurodegeneration.…”

Section: Suppression Of Prl Levels or Increasing Pg Levels Partially ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bmal1 regulates female reproduction in mice via the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis

Zhang,

Li,

Huang

et al. 2024

The FASEB Journal

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The hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG) is the key neuroendocrine axis involved in reproductive regulation. Brain and muscle ARNT‐like protein 1 (Bmal1) participates in regulating the metabolism of various endocrine hormones. However, the regulation of Bmal1 on HPG and female fertility is unclear. This study aims to explore the regulation of female reproduction by Bmal1 via the HPG axis in mice. Bmal1‐knockout (Ko) mice were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The structure, function, and estrous cycle of ovarian in Bmal1 Ko female mice were measured. The key genes and proteins of the HPG axis involved in regulating female reproduction were examined through transcriptome analysis and then verified by RT‐PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blot. Furthermore, the fertility of female mice was detected after intervening prolactin (PRL) and progesterone (Pg) in Bmal1 ko mice. The number of offspring and ovarian weight were significantly lower in Bmal1‐Ko mice than in wild‐type (Wt) mice. In Bmal1‐Ko mice, ovarian cells were arranged loosely and irregularly, and the total number of follicles was significantly reduced. No corpus luteum was found in the ovaries. Vaginal smears revealed that Bmal1‐Ko mice had an irregular estrus cycle. In Bmal1‐Ko mice, Star expression was decreased, PRL and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were increased, and dopamine (DA) and Pg levels were decreased. Inhibition of PRL partially recovered the estrous cycle, corpus luteum formation, and Star expression in the ovaries. Pg supplementation promoted embryo implantation in Bmal1‐Ko female mice. Bmal1 Ko increases serum PRL levels in female mice likely by reducing DA levels, thus affecting luteal formation, resulting in decreased Star expression and Pg production, hindering female reproduction. Inhibition of PRL or restoration of Pg can partially restore reproductive capacity in female Bmal1‐Ko mice. Thus, Bmal1 may regulate female reproduction via the HPG axis in mice, suggesting that Bmal1 is a potential target to treat female infertility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Suppression Of Prl Levels or Increasing Pg Levels Partially ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bmal1 regulates female reproduction in mice via the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis

Zhang,

Li,

Huang

et al. 2024

The FASEB Journal

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“…This dimorphism in atorvastatin action was also observed in previous studies carried out by our research team. Although the drug was found to have a neutral effect on 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in subjects with autoimmune thyroiditis [11,35], the treatment improved vitamin D status in women without endocrine abnormalities [36] or with non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia [37]. Statin-induced inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase may lead to an increase in 7-dehydrocholesterol, providing a substrate for the synthesis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Atorvastatin-Treated Women with Euthyroid Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Krysiak

Kowalcze

2023

Pharmacology

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Introduction: Autoimmune thyroiditis seems to be associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. Statins, the mainstay of cardiovascular risk reduction and prevention, were found to reduce thyroid antibody titers. The aim of this study was to investigate plasma markers of cardiometabolic risk in statin-treated women with thyroid autoimmunity. Methods: We compared two matched groups of euthyroid women with hypercholesterolemia receiving atorvastatin treatment: subjects with autoimmune (Hashimoto’s) thyroiditis (group A, n = 29) and subjects without thyroid pathology (group B, n = 29). Plasma lipids, glucose homeostasis markers, as well as circulating levels of uric acid, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen, homocysteine, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured before atorvastatin treatment and 6 months later. Results: At entry, both groups differed in antibody titers, insulin sensitivity, and plasma levels of uric acid, hsCRP, fibrinogen, homocysteine, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Atorvastatin-induced reduction in hsCRP and homocysteine, but not in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, was more pronounced in group B than in group A. Only in group B, the drug decreased uric acid and fibrinogen and increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D. In group A, atorvastatin reduced insulin responsiveness. Conclusion: The obtained results indicate that euthyroid women with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis may benefit to a lesser degree from atorvastatin treatment than other populations of women with hypercholesterolemia.

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“…All reported cases of IPRLD described in literature concerned women, and the condition was revealed by a lactation failure occurring after delivery (puerperal alactogenesis). To date, in men and in non-lactating and non-pregnant women, PRL deficiency has no clinical implications, even if recent data have demonstrated an apparent impaired sexual functioning, reduced wellbeing and increased cardiometabolic risk in patients with iatrogenic IPRLD ( 219 ).…”

Section: Isolated Prolactin Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolated anterior pituitary dysfunction in adulthood

et al. 2023

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Hypopituitarism is defined as a complete or partial deficiency in one or more pituitary hormones. Anterior hypopituitarism includes secondary adrenal insufficiency, central hypothyroidism, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, growth hormone deficiency and prolactin deficiency. Patients with hypopituitarism suffer from an increased disability and sick days, resulting in lower health status, higher cost of care and an increased mortality. In particular during adulthood, isolated pituitary deficits are not an uncommon finding; their clinical picture is represented by vague symptoms and unclear signs, which can be difficult to properly diagnose. This often becomes a challenge for the physician. Aim of this narrative review is to analyse, for each anterior pituitary deficit, the main related etiologies, the characteristic signs and symptoms, how to properly diagnose them (suggesting an easy and reproducible step-based approach), and eventually the treatment. In adulthood, the vast majority of isolated pituitary deficits are due to pituitary tumours, head trauma, pituitary surgery and brain radiotherapy. Immune-related dysfunctions represent a growing cause of isolated pituitary deficiencies, above all secondary to use of oncological drugs such as immune checkpoint inhibitors. The diagnosis of isolated pituitary deficiencies should be based on baseline hormonal assessments and/or dynamic tests. Establishing a proper diagnosis can be quite challenging: in fact, even if the diagnostic methods are becoming increasingly refined, a considerable proportion of isolated pituitary deficits still remains without a certain cause. While isolated ACTH and TSH deficiencies always require a prompt replacement treatment, gonadal replacement therapy requires a benefit-risk evaluation based on the presence of comorbidities, age and gender of the patient; finally, the need of growth hormone replacement therapies is still a matter of debate. On the other side, prolactin replacement therapy is still not available. In conclusion, our purpose is to offer a broad evaluation from causes to therapies of isolated anterior pituitary deficits in adulthood. This review will also include the evaluation of uncommon symptoms and main etiologies, the elements of suspicion of a genetic cause and protocols for diagnosis, follow-up and treatment.

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Cabergoline-Induced Hypoprolactinemia May Attenuate Cardiometabolic Effects of Atorvastatin: A Pilot Study

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Bmal1 regulates female reproduction in mice via the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis

Bmal1 regulates female reproduction in mice via the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Atorvastatin-Treated Women with Euthyroid Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Isolated anterior pituitary dysfunction in adulthood

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