1 The contribution of endothelin-1 (ET-1) to angiotensin II (Ang II)-mediated contraction of the isolated rat tail artery was assessed with measurements of tension, and cytosolic calcium ([Ca 2+ ] i ). The distribution of the AT 1 receptor was studied with RT ± PCR and immunohistochemistry. 2 Ang II induced an endothelium-independent contraction (pEC 50 7.95+0.06 and E max : 0.46 g+0.05 with endothelium vs 7.81+0.02 and 0.41 g+0.07 without endothelium; P40.05). Ang II (0.003 ± 0.3 mM)-induced a non-sustained contraction of endothelium-intact preparations which was not antagonized by BQ-123 (1 mM), but was inhibited by losartan (10 nM). In addition, the maximal contraction induced by ET-1 (0.1 mM) could be further increased by the addition of 0.1 mM Ang II. 4 Ang II-induced contraction was insensitive to inhibition by nifedipine (0.1 mM), an antagonist of L-type voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels, and SK&F96365 (10 mM), which blocks non-selective cation channels, whereas that to ET-1 was inhibited by SK&F69365. 5 RT ± PCR data indicate the expression of AT 1A and AT 1B on both VSMCs and endothelial cells, but immunohistochemical evidence illustrates that the AT 1 is located primarily on VSMCs. 6 These results indicate that endothelium-derived ET-1 is not involved in the Ang II-mediated vasoconstriction of the rat tail artery and that Ang II-and ET-1-mediated VSM contractions utilize distinct pathways.